1. China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
2. National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
3. Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
Abstract：Along with the technological progress of analog-to-digital converters, characterizing these high-precision converters becomes more challenging. Different from the conventional signal source made by semiconductor artifacts, Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer (JAWS) based on the macroscopic quantum effect can be traced to Josephsons constant, hence its waveform has ultra-low noise and ultra-low distortions. The performance of the National Instruments 24-bit digitizer PXI 5922 is evaluated by using a Josephson arbitrary waveform generator. The zero-compensation waveform synthesis method is used to simplify the system hardware structure, and high-precision, multi-scale inductive voltage dividers are used to improve evaluation efficiency.Firstly, calibrations of the gain, stability, signal-to-noise ratio, spurious-free dynamic range, total harmonic distortion, signal-to-noise and distortion ratio, and the effective numbers of bits, are presented, where the frequencies are up to 10kHz. Secondly, the phase differences between the two channels of PXI 5922 are calibrated. Finally, according to the harmonic characteristics of the power grid, the amplitude and phase responses of harmonics within the 12th are calibrated with the fundamental frequency of 60Hz. With outstanding accuracy and wide bandwidth, JAWS is valuable in evaluating high-precision analog-to-digital converters.
FLOWERS-JACOBS N E, RFENACHT A, FOX A E, et al. Development and applications of a four-volt Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer ［C］//IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference. Riverside, USA, 2019.
［6］
KIELER O F, BEHR R, WENDISCH R, et al. Towards a 1V Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2014, 25(3): 1-5.
ZHOU K L, QU J F, ZHANG Z H, et al. The status of AC quantum voltage standards ［J］. Acta Metrologica Sinica, 2017, 38(4): 486-491.
［9］
ZTRK T C, ERTRK S, TANGEL A, et al. Using programmable Josephson voltage standard for static and dynamic gain characterization of integrating ADC ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2019, 69(7): 4425-4435.
HAN Q N, WANG X, ZHOU K L, et al. Development and characterization of a low distortion dual-channel arbitrary waveform generator ［C］//IEEE 5th International Conference on Electronics Technology. Chengdu, China, 2022.
［3］
TANG Y, OJHA V N, SCHLAMMINGER S, et al. A 10V programmable Josephson voltage standard and its applications for voltage metrology ［J］. Metrologia, 2012, 49(6): 635.
［4］
BURROUGHS C J, DRESSELHAUS P D, RUFENACHT A, et al. NIST 10V programmable Josephson voltage standard system ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2011, 60(7): 2482-2488.
ZHOU K L, HAN Q N, ZHAO J T, et al. Pulse-driven AC Josephson Voltage Standard with an Output Voltage of One Volt ［J］. Acta Metrologica Sinica, 2020, 41(12): 1529-1535.
［10］
de AGUILAR J D, SALINAS J R, KIELER O, et al. Characterization of an analog-to-digital converter frequency response by a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer ［J］. Measurement Science and Technology, 2019, 30(3): 035006.
［11］
RA M, KIELER O, BEHR R. A novel method for calibration of ADC using JAWS ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2019, 68(6): 2091-2099.
［16］
廖艺茜. 16位高速ADC快速测试方法研究与实现 ［D］. 成都: 电子科技大学, 2021.
［13］
GEORGAKOPOULOS D, BUDOVSKY I, BENZ S P, et al. Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer as a reference standard for the measurement of the phase of harmonics in distorted waveforms ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2018, 68(6): 1927-1934.
［14］
WANG W, YANG Y, HUANG L, et al. Establishing of a 1000V multi-decade inductive voltage divider standard at NIM ［J］. IEEE Access, 2018, 6: 58594-58599.
［15］
ZHOU K L, QU J F, BENZ S P. Zero-compensation method and reduced inductive voltage error for the AC Josephson voltage standard ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2015, 25(5): 1-6.
［18］
RIETVELD G, ZHAO D, KRAMER C, et al. Characterization of a wideband digitizer for power measurements up to 1 MHz ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2011, 60(7): 2195-2201.
2024, Vol. 45 
