实用氦气声学温度计初步研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.06.01

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摘要对高温气冷堆堆芯温度的可靠测量是目前的技术难题之一。传统温度计依靠实验室标定的材料特性与温度的关系进行测温,然而,长期暴露在高温、高辐照环境中,其测温材料的性质会发生改变且得不到及时校准,温度传感器易发生漂移甚至失效。气体声学温度计通过测量单原子气体的声速可以直接获得热力学温度;由于气冷堆内氦气介质相对稳定,利用氦气声速获得温度具有较高的可靠性。针对实用氦气声学温度计开展了初步研究,基于圆柱声学共鸣法设计了实用声学温度计测试系统,采用声波导管声学传感器测量了488K至806K圆柱共鸣腔内氦气的声学共振频率,修正了热边界层和粘性边界层的影响;基于量子力学从头算得到的氦气声学维里状态方程,获得了热力学温度。对氦气共振频率的测量相对标准偏差小于0.07%,温度测量的信噪比可满足需求,声学温度计与热电偶测温结果差异小于1%。研究结果为未来持续开展极端环境下气体声学温度计的应用研究提供了支持。

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	杨胜良
	冯晓娟
	林鸿
	张金涛
	任成

关键词 ：计量学, 热力学温度, 声学温度计, 高温气冷堆, 氦气

Abstract：As a new generation nuclear reactor, reliable temperature measurement in a high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) presents unique challenges. The conventional temperature measurement are based on the properties of thermometers materials calibrated by the laboratory, and thermometers could drift or even lose efficiency due to the variation of the properties and the lack of timely calibration, especially when the thermometers are exposed to high temperature and radioactive environment for a long time. Acoustic gas thermometry determines the thermodynamic temperature of a monatomic gas from measurements of the speed of sound in the gas. Because the helium in the gas-cooled reactor is stable, the temperature measurement using the speed of sound in helium could achieve higher reliability. A preliminary research on the practical acoustic gas thermometry using helium was implemented. A measurement system of the practical acoustic thermometry using cylindrical resonator was designed. The resonant frequency in helium was measured from 488K to 806K using acoustic waveguides. Then perturbations from the thermal and viscous boundary layers were corrected, and the thermodynamic temperature was determined based on the acoustic virial equation of state of helium. The relative standard deviations of the resonant frequency measurements are smaller than 0.07%, the signal to noise ratio of the measurements is acceptable. The relative difference between the thermodynamic temperature and the temperature measured by a thermocouple is less than 1%. The preliminary research supports the continuous investigation on the acoustic gas thermometry applying in harsh environments.

Key words： metrology thermodynamic temperature acoustic thermometry high temperature gas cooled reactor helium

收稿日期: 2019-05-05 发布日期: 2020-06-08

PACS:

TB942

基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2016YFF0200101);国家自然科学基金(51476153);国家科技重大专项课题(2019ZX06903023)

通讯作者: 冯晓娟(1983-),女,山西永济人,中国计量科学研究院研究员,从事温度计量基础前沿研究。Email: fengxj@nim.ac.cn E-mail: fengxj@nim.ac.cn

作者简介: 杨胜良(1989-),男,河北沧州人,中国计量科学研究院硕士研究生,研究方向为声学法热力学温度测量。Email: yangsl@nim.ac.cn

引用本文:

杨胜良,冯晓娟,林鸿,张金涛,任成. 实用氦气声学温度计初步研究[J]. 计量学报, 2020, 41(6): 633-639.
YANG Sheng-liang,FENG Xiao-juan,LIN Hong,ZHANG Jin-tao,REN Cheng. Preliminary Research on Practical Acoustic GasThermometry Using Helium. Acta Metrologica Sinica, 2020, 41(6): 633-639.

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