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2022 Vol. 43, No. 9
Published: 2022-09-28
 
1109 High Resolution and Practical Photonic Thermometer by Side-coupled One-dimensional Photonic Crystal Microcavity
XIONG Yi-ti,KANG Guo-guo,ZHANG cheng,XU Tong-tong,GU Lin-peng,GAN Xue-tao,PAN Yi-jie,QU Ji-feng
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.01
Aiming at in-line coupled one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PhC) microcavity with high quality factor (Q) but extremely low transmittance, a side-coupled 1D PhC thermometer with high resolution, signal to noise ratio and dynamic range was proposed. Through modulating reflection coefficient of photonic crystal units and overlap of mode field between the microcavity and coupling waveguide, the Q and transmittance of the PhC device were improved. The total Q-factor, sensitivity, extinction ratio, and mode spacing between fundamental and secondary mode of the fabricated PhC device were 2.7×104, 65.6pm/℃, 0.45 and 18.5nm, respectively. By adopting a sweep frequency measurement technique, the resolution of the proposed photonic thermometer reaches millikelvin and the sensing range is over 280℃.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1109-1114 [Abstract] ( 263 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3044 KB)  ( 728 )
1115 Measurement of Eccentric Wheel Shaft Lift Based on Coordinate Inversion Method
YANG Wu-wei,SHI Zhao-yao,LIN Hu
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.02
General-purpose measuring instruments such as polar coordinate measuring instrument and coordinate measuring machine can carry out coordinate measurement on the eccentric wheel shaft, they are mainly equipped with spherical probes, which cannot directly measure the lift and lift error corresponding to the eccentric wheel shaft follower.To solve this problem, a measurement method of eccentric wheel shaft based on coordinate inversion method is proposed.The structure of eccentric wheel shaft and the calculation method of theoretical lift for different probes are introduced in detail.The lift model formulas of the plane probe, roller probe and knife-edge probe are deduced by the coordinates of the surface contour point of the eccentric wheel shaft.The center of the circle of least squares and the center of rotation are used to determine the position of the "peach tip" of the eccenter.An eccentric wheel shaft measurement experiment is carried out on a polar coordinate measuring instrument.The experimental results show that the lift measurement method based on the coordinate inversion method is effective, the difference between the coordinate inverse lift and theoretical lift corresponding to the three kinds of probes is 0.87, 0.90 and 0.90μm, the lift based on coordinate inversion can more accurately reflect the actual motion law of the follower.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1115-1121 [Abstract] ( 172 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3171 KB)  ( 167 )
1122 Evaluation of the Uncertainty for the Measurement of Surface Roughness by Low-noise Probing System
SHI Zhou-miao,ZHANG Shu,SHI Yu-shu,PI Lei,HU Jia-cheng
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.03
In order to improve the measurement capability of the existing stylus surface roughness measuring instrument, from the perspective of reducing the noise level of the instrument, a low noise stylus surface topography probing system has been developed.The probing system uses sample scanning, and uses a high precision capacitive sensor to measure the vertical movement of the stylus, thereby reflecting the true micro-nano topography of the measured surface, and achieves low noise level under nanometer-scale measurement.Ra is measured by the instrument standard sample and the uncertainty is evaluated.The results show that the uncertainty is 2.8 nm (k=2) for the Type C3 standard sample.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1122-1127 [Abstract] ( 167 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1868 KB)  ( 628 )
1128 Positioning and Dimension Measurement of Micro-channel Heat Exchangers Based on 3D Vision
SHU Zi-chao,CAO Song-xiao,JIANG Qing,XU Zhi-peng,LOU Xu-dong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.04
To realize the automation and intellectualization of micro-channel heat exchanger production line, a 3D vision based automatic corner location and dimension measurement method for micro-channel heat exchanger was proposed to guide the manipulator to grasp and load and unload. First, the product was photographed with a 3D camera from the top view, the obtained image was corrected and the RGB image was aligned to the depth image. Secondly, with the help of 3D information of the product, accurate two-dimensional image segmentation and two-dimensional coordinate positioning were realized. Finally, the depth values of the corner points were weighted, and the three-dimensional coordinates were obtained through the conversion of the two-dimensional coordinates and depth information of the corner points, and the product dimension was calculated. The experimental results show that the algorithm can achieve accurate image segmentation and size measurement in complex background, and the relative error of dimension measurement can be controlled within 1% when the measurement distance is 4000mm, which can meet the requirement of the system.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1128-1134 [Abstract] ( 167 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3240 KB)  ( 220 )
1135 Attitude Detection of Underwater Vehicle Based on MEMS and Radial Basis Function
ZHANG Chun-yu,LIU Fu-cai,CHENG Xue-cong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.05
In order to realize the autonomous motion control of the underwater vehicle, it is very important to master the motion attitude of underwater vehicle accurately. Current micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) inertial sensors have small size and low cost. It is widely used in attitude detection systems because of its low power consumption and other characteristics. Due to the complex working environment of the seabed, the underwater vehicle is set to be non-cooperative. Radial basis function neural network algorithm is used to train and classify the detection data. The experimental results show that the average recall rate of micro-electro-mechanical system inertial sensor equipped with radial basis function neural network algorithm for basic behavior recognition of underwater vehicle is 94%, which has certain engineering practical significance.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1135-1141 [Abstract] ( 176 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3897 KB)  ( 203 )
1142 Position Drift Compensation Method for Thermoreflectance Microscopy
LIU Yan,ZHAI Yu-wei,DING Chen,QIAO Yu-e,JING Xiao-dong,WU Ai-hua
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.06
Multiple images are acquired during the procedure of thermoreflectance microscopy, each pixel of the image should be bound to a fixed position of the object's surface throughout the procedure.Nevertheless, drifting of the object is inevitable, thus jeopardizing accuracy of the measurement.A sub-pixel image registration algorithm is put forward to estimate the drift, and the result is feed into a PID algorithm controlling a piezo nanopositioner to compensate for the position drift, so the real-time position drift correction is carried out.Experiments verify the performance of the algorithm and the effect of drift correction, the residual error of displacement correction is within 5nm, and errors introduced by position drift are well suppressed compared to uncompensated measurement, the test accuracy of thermoreflectance microscopy is improved.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1142-1146 [Abstract] ( 167 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2411 KB)  ( 249 )
1147 Research on Precision Measurement Technology of Terahertz Wavelength Based on Interferometry
WU Jia-lu,FANG Bo,LI Jian-min,WANG Zhen,GAO Yan-jiao,CAI Jin-hui
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.07
A split-optical wavelength measurement system based on Michelson interferometry and introducing a reference laser as a measure of optical path change is built. Theoretical analysis and software simulation are used to study the influencing factors in the measurement optical path. The relative additional optical path difference caused by the deflection of the moving mirror, the deflection of the beam splitter and the deflection of the beam is used as the evaluation standard for analysis and judgment. The measurement results show that the wavelength of the 100GHz terahertz source is 3.1142mm, and the relative extended uncertainty is 0.9%(k=2). A standard terahertz frequency meter is used to conduct a comparison experiment on the same terahertz source, and the correction coefficient is 1.0035, which verified the accuracy of the measurement results and the reliability of the terahertz wavelength measurement system.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1147-1153 [Abstract] ( 217 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2757 KB)  ( 493 )
1154 Research on High Stability Laser Frequency Stabilization Method Based on Optical Phase-Locked Loop
ZHANG Chao-chao,WANG Jian-bo,YIN Cong,ZHANG Bao-wu,LIU Ruo-nan,XI Lu,LI Meng-yao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.08
A high stability laser frequency stabilization method based on optical phase-locked loop is reported to improve the frequency stability and accuracy of a tunable external cavity semiconductor laser (TECDL). Self-developed optical phase-locked loop circuit adopts the combination of digital phase discrimination and difference operation to obtain the high sensitivity frequency phase discrimination error signal, and realizes the closed-loop locking of the whole system through high-speed analog PID. Experimental results of TECDL offset locking to optical frequency comb (OFC) show that the frequency fluctuation is within ±0.3Hz after the loop locking. When the offset frequency is 50MHz, the Allan deviation of OPLL system of 1 s and 1000 s integration time is 1.5×10-9 and 8.5×10-13, respectively. The research shows that the sub-Hz laser frequency difference control can be realized by using the laser frequency stabilization method based on optical phase-locked loop. By offset locking the TECDL to the reference laser source with high stability, its frequency stability can be significantly improved, so that it can meet the requirements of laser frequency stability and accuracy in the fields of ultra-precision measurement and cold atom/ion interferometry.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1154-1160 [Abstract] ( 192 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4584 KB)  ( 448 )
1161 Research on Calibration Technology of Spectral Emissivity of Blackbody at Normal Temperature
MA Yu-xuan,FENG Guo-jin
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.09
The absolute measurement of blackbody spectral emissivity is a challenging metrology problem.In order to realize the accurate measurement of blackbody spectral emissivity at room temperature, a set of mid-infrared blackbody spectral emissivity measurement device is built based on continuous tunable laser.The MCT detector is driven by a self-designed 10mA constant current source, and the dynamic range of the measurement results ranges from 7.29×104 to 4.32×105, effectively improving the dynamic range of the detection system. The device achieves the high-precision measurement of emissivity, the spectral range covers 7.5~10.6μm, the emissivity measurement value ranging from 0.01 to 0.9999, the optimal uncertainty is 4.0×10-5(k=2).
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1161-1165 [Abstract] ( 175 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (994 KB)  ( 267 )
1166 Rectification Error Calibration of Accelerometer Based on Centrifugal-Vibration Composite Device
DONG Xue-ming,WANG Min-lin
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.10
By analyzing and studying the traditional calibration methods of accelerometer rectification error, the calibration scheme of accelerometer rectification error based on centrifugal-vibration composite acceleration input is proposed. The calibration method of accelerometer rectification error under the combined effect of constant acceleration and vibration acceleration is given by establishing the nonlinear coupling model of accelerometer. The rectification error experiment of accelerometer under the combined effect of constant acceleration and vibration acceleration is carried out by using the developed centrifugal-vibration composite calibration device, and the experimental result verifies that the calibration method of accelerometer rectification error based on the combined input of constant acceleration and vibration acceleration is reasonable and feasible.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1166-1171 [Abstract] ( 175 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1352 KB)  ( 132 )
1172 Research on Cold Rolling Force Modeling Method Based on AEGRU Network
SUN Hao,YE Guo-liang,ZHAI Bo-hao,HU Zi-yu,ZHAO Zhi-wei
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.11
In the process of cold continuous rolling of steel, the prediction results of rolling force directly affect the rolling precision and product quality of strip. A rolling force model based on AEGRU (autotncoder and gate recurrent unit) network is proposed to improve the accuracy of rolling force prediction, update the model online and avoid the drift problem. First of all, the processed input data is extracted through the AEGRU network. In order to speed up the network training, the mini-batch training method is added. Then the extracted features is fitted by the Gaussian process regression model. The simulation results exhibit that the prediction accuracy of the model can be up to 3%, and the rolling force can be predicted online with high precision.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1172-1177 [Abstract] ( 174 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1849 KB)  ( 213 )
1178 Chatter Monitoring Method of Rolling Mill Based on Dynamic Bayesian Network and Dempster/Shafer Evidence Theory
SHI Pei-ming,LIU Ao-yun,ZHANG Yi-lun,GAO Hao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.12
A real-time monitoring method of rolling mill chatter based on dynamic bayesian network and DS (Dempster/Shafer) evidence theory is proposed. In the mentioned method, multiple characteristic parameters in time domain and frequency domain are preselected to represent the different characteristics of rolling mill vibration signals under different working conditions, and the symptom parameters with high sensitivity are selected by using the stability discrimination rate method. Then, the dynamic bayesian network and DS evidence theory real-time monitoring model is used to establish the real-time monitoring system of rolling mill chatter state, and the continuous speed load time slices are constructed. Three continuous speed load time slices are taken as the evidence body of DS evidence theory. At the same time, the trust method of optimizing the basic probability distribution is proposed to solve the conflict between the evidence bodies of DS evidence theory. Finally, the experiment is carried out on the rolling mill experimental platform, and the diagnosis results show that the recognition rate of different states of rolling mill chatter can reach 99.05%.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1178-1185 [Abstract] ( 136 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3038 KB)  ( 594 )
1186 Standard Facility of Natural Gas Energy Measurement Based on Verification Method of Sound Velocity
WANG Hai-tong,LI Chun-hui,LI Meng-na
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.13
For the energy flow measurement of natural gas, the measurement frequency of component data of natural gas is relatively low, which results in that the change of calorific value within the cycle cannot be found. The mathematical model of the sound velocity to verify energy is built based on the use the sound velocity to verify changes of the calorific value and compression factor caused by changing of components. Based on this theory, the standard facility of natural gas energy measurement is built, which has a measurement capability of 10MPa and 2000m3/h, and the measurement frequency of energy flow has been improved from the original minute level to the second level. The uncertainty of the standard facility is evaluated through the measurement of the natural gas energy flow rate on site, which is 0.33% (k=2) for the relative expanded uncertainty.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1186-1191 [Abstract] ( 222 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (891 KB)  ( 378 )
1192 Study on the Measurement Method of Transducer Sensitivity in Non-rigid Tube
YU Long-jing,WANG Yue-bing,TANG Jia-xuan,ZHENG Hui-feng
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.14
In order to realize the low-frequency sensitivity calibration of the transducer in a non-rigid tube, a sensitivity calibration method based on the correction of the reciprocity constant in the tube is proposed.Firstly, the derivation and correction of the reciprocity constant based on the non-rigid boundary conditions and the equation of acoustic pressure in the tube, and the simulation analysis of the correction of the reciprocity constant in the tube, and the correction of the reciprocity constant in the measurement frequency band are obtained; secondly, the experimental system is built to carry out the sensitivity measurement of the transducer in the tube based on the reciprocity method.The study shows that the correction of the reciprocity constant in the tube makes the sensitivity value of the reciprocal transducer closer to the sensitivity value measured by the free-field comparison method.In the frequency range from 0.5 to 4kHz, the compensated reciprocal transducer sensitivity level has a maximum undulation of -1.41dB, which greatly improves the uncorrected measurement situation and has a small error with the free field measurements, meeting the acoustic metrology requirements.The results verify the validity and accuracy of the method through comparative analysis of experiments and simulations.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1192-1199 [Abstract] ( 195 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2575 KB)  ( 194 )
1200 SOC Estimation of Lithium Batteries Based on RFF and GWO-PF
WU Zhong-qiang,HU Xiao-yu,MA Bo-yan,HOU Lin-cheng,CAO Bi-lian
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.15
In order to improve the accuracy of estimation of residual charge of lithium battery, a method of estimation of SOC of lithium battery based on online parameter identification and improved particle filter algorithm is proposed. Aiming at the problem of particle degradation in particle filtering, gray wolf optimization is introduced to optimize particle distribution with its strong global optimization ability to ensure particle diversity, effectively suppress particle degradation, and improve the filtering accuracy. The recursive least square method with forgetting factor is used to update the model parameters in real-time and run alternately with the improved particle filter algorithm to further improve the estimation accuracy of SOC. The experimental results show that the average estimation error of the improved algorithm is always less than ±0.15%. Compared with the extended Kalman filter and unscented Kalman filter, the improved algorithm has higher estimation accuracy and stability in the estimation of battery SOC.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1200-1207 [Abstract] ( 158 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3095 KB)  ( 550 )
1208 Study on Satellite Clock Bias Prediction Based on Entropy Weight Method
MEI Chang-song,LI Tian-zhi,LI Ming,CHENG Hao,YIN Yong-zhen,KONG Xiang-wen
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.16
On-board atomic clock is one of the core equipment of navigation satellite system. Its performance and clock bias prediction accuracy directly determine the accuracy of navigation and positioning timing services. Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to determine the weight of the neutron model of the satellite clock bias combined forecast model, the entropy weight method is introduced into the Beidou satellite clock bias combined forecast. Perform phase-frequency combined detection of outliers such as gross errors and clock jumps in satellite clock bias data, and use sliding Lagrangian interpolation to repair them to obtain a “clean” clock bias sequence. Based on the grey model and the quadratic polynomial model, a combination model of clock bias based on information entropy, a new evaluation index, is constructed, and a combined forecast model of Beidou satellite clock bias entropy weight is established. Using the Beidou precision clock bias data product released by the IGS Data Center of Wuhan University, the short term forecast and medium-long term forecast experiments are carried out for multiple consecutive days. The multi-day average test results verify that the entropy weight combination model has certain advantages over the traditional combination model in terms of the accuracy and stability of the Beidou satellite clock bias prediction.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1208-1215 [Abstract] ( 186 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2462 KB)  ( 129 )
1216 Study on the Detection Method of Sampling Physical Efficiency of Planktonic Sampler Based on Aerodynamics
LIU Jia-qi,ZHANG Guo-cheng,WU Dan,YANG Zhen-qi,PAN Yi-ting,TIAN Ying,JING Wen-jie,HUO Sheng-wei
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.17
Based on the principle of aerodynamics, a new detection method for the physical efficiency of plankton sampler was proposed, and a detection device was built to obtain continuous sampling physical efficiency curves and intuitively obtain the collection efficiency corresponding to different dynamic particle sizes. The sampling physical efficiency of two domestic and one imported sampler was evaluated. The results showed that the sampling efficiency of domestic sampler was not as good as that of imported sampler, and the quality of domestic sampler needed to be improved. The difference between the detection results of multi-dispersed Arizona ultrafine test dust and monodispersed particle standard was studied. It was found that the difference of domestic sampler was greater than that of imported sampler. The proposed study is helpful to improve the accuracy, scientificity and detection efficiency of the sampling physical efficiency of plankton sampler.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1216-1219 [Abstract] ( 178 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (931 KB)  ( 203 )
1220 Measurement Method of Flue Gas Recirculation Rate and Uncertainty Analysis
ZENG Ji-peng,PAN Deng,GUAN Jian,YU Ji-ming,GAO Nai-ping,ZHU Tong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.18
A formula for calculating the flue gas recirculation rate is derived based on a chemical reaction balance equation with constant gas components and concentrations. A dual oxygen method for measuring flue gas oxygen concentration and flue gas-air mixture oxygen concentration in gas boilers is proposed. In order to quantify the quality of the measurement results, the uncertainty of the dioxygen method is assessed based on the GUM method in national standards, and instrument selection guidance is presented based on uncertainty requirements. It is found that when the flue gas oxygen concentration measurement result is 1.91% and the mixed gas oxygen concentration measurement result is 18.64%, the flue gas recirculation rate R calculated by the dual oxygen method is 13.45% with an extended uncertainty of 1.56%. The uncertainty of the mixed gas oxygen concentration measurement has a significant impact on the extended uncertainty of the dioxygen method. When measurement instrument is selected, the extended uncertainty of a mixed gas oxygen concentration measurement instrument can be less than the extended uncertainty of the flue gas oxygen concentration measurement instrument.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1220-1225 [Abstract] ( 168 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1194 KB)  ( 121 )
1226 Review of Impurity Analysis Methods in Hydrogen for Hydrogen Fuel Cell
WANG Le,HU Shu-guo,YANG Yang-zhongfu
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.19
The possible sources of 14 gaseous impurities in hydrogen for proton exchange membrane fuel cell and their effects on hydrogen fuel cell system are introduced. The methods recommended in international standards and offline detection methods in domestic and foreign relevant literature are summarized, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. According to the data of relevant domestic reference materials, the difficulties in standard development are analyzed, a feasible development plan is put forward, and research progress is reported. The relevant literatures of hydrogen online analysis in hydrogenation stations are overviewed, the possible development trends of online analysis are summarized. Finally, according to the current situation and application scope of hydrogen fuel cells, the future development direction of hydrogen fuel cells is prospected.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1226-1235 [Abstract] ( 233 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (595 KB)  ( 765 )
1236 Evaluation of Uncertainty in Measurement of Purity of Phthalic Anhydride by Gas Chromatography
DING Xin-yan,ZHOU Ji,WANG Wei,YAN Hai-jun,BAI Miao-miao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.20
According to GB/T 15336-2013 “phthalic anhydride”, the purity of phthalic anhydride was determined by gas chromatography, and the mathematical model was established. The sources of uncertainty in the determination process were analyzed and evaluated. The synthetic uncertainty of purity measurement results of phthalic anhydride was obtained by calculating the uncertainty caused by repeatability, sample mass, solvent volume and response factor. The experimental results showed that the main factors affecting the uncertainty was solvent volume, followed by response factor and sample quality. Through the evaluation of uncertainty, it was helpful to improve the reliability of the test results and can provide theoretical basis for the accurate determination of phthalic anhydride purity.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1236-1240 [Abstract] ( 171 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (397 KB)  ( 136 )
1241 Analysis of Measurement Process Characteristics Based on Measurement Uncertainty
WANG Yong,LIANG Ji-chao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2022.09.21
In order to reasonably evaluate the measurement process, the qualified probability and misjudgment risk caused by measurement uncertainty and their impact should be analyzed. The accurate values and calculation examples of qualified probability under different measurement capability indexes are given, which can provide reference for the compliance judgment of measurement process. The calculation results show that when the measurement results are near the upper and lower limits of conformance interval, the probability of misjudgment increases, and corrective action should be taken to reduce the risk to meet the measurement requirements.
2022 Vol. 43 (9): 1241-1244 [Abstract] ( 222 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1280 KB)  ( 174 )
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