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2021 Vol. 42, No. 12 Published: 2021-12-28

	1552	A Novel Calibration Method at On-Wafer Measurement System Affected by Leakage
		WANG Yi-bang,WU Ai-hua,LIU Chen,LIANG Fa-guo,LUAN Peng,HUO Ye,SUN Jing,ZHAO Wei
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.01
		The conventional calibration method for high frequency on-wafer scattering parameters comprises 16-term error model and two-tier crosstalk correction method based on Multiline TRL, both of which did well at charactering the leakage in measurement system. A novel method is proposed here, taking the leakage in measurement system as a parallel two-port network with the device under test (DUT). The method is divided into two parts. Firstly apply the SOLR calibration method to obtain the eight-term basic error box, then measure a crosstalk standard (could be an open standard in SOLR) to deduce the crosstalk error box. Simulation and measurement results show that, the accuracy of the novel method is comparative to the 16-term method with four less calibration kits, and has a positive response at the crosstalk, and also the novel method improved test efficiency.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1552-1557 [Abstract] ( 272 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2613 KB) ( 285 )

	1558	The Four-parameter Sinusoidal Curve-fit Method by Using Combination Methods
		LIANG Zhi-guo
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.02
		A combined four-parameter sinusoidal fitting method is proposed. Firstly, a three-parameter sine fitting algorithm with known frequency is used for frequency search, and a one-dimension search iterative sine fitting algorithm is constructed to obtain four parameters of amplitude, frequency, phase and DC component. Then, using it as an initial value, a four-parameter search iteration method is used to obtain the final sine fitting result. The method can be applied to multi-cycle and partial cycle sequences, with clear convergence domain, which can ensure the overall optimal convergence fitting result under any circumstances. Simulation and experimental experiments verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1558-1565 [Abstract] ( 289 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2044 KB) ( 418 )

	1566	Evaluation and Expression of Measurement Uncertainty ofVoltage Standing Wave Ratio
		GAO Shen-xiang,XIA Wei,GU Wei-hong,BAI Yong-bin
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.03
		The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is a traditional parameter that characterizes the reflection characteristics in the radio field. There are still application scenarios. However, the reports on the measurement uncertainty of VSWR in some laboratories are not perfect. The evaluation results of VSWRs measurement uncertainty by GUM method of linear and nonlinear measurement model are compared with the results of Monte Carlo method (MCM).A quick GUM method is introduced which can replace MCM and be extended to any one variable measurement model under the common conditions.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1566-1569 [Abstract] ( 228 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (941 KB) ( 253 )

	1570	Surface Measurement Method Based on Reverse Coaxial Mode for Large Aperture Plane Optical Elements
		ZHAO Yan-long,LI Jia-fu,ZHU Xiao-ping,DU Hua,CHEN Ai-jun,HU Jia-cheng
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.04
		A surface measurement method based on reverse coaxial mode for large aperture plane optical elements is proposed. It combines the reverse coaxial line-scanning measurement mode of dual displacement sensors with three-flat test technology of multiple angle rotation. It effectively expands the measurement aperture of plane optical elements with the help of linear long guide rails. At the same time, it does not need to use a standard flat crystal during the measurement process, which can avoid introducing the uncertainty component of the reference flat of the standard plane crystal. The measurement results are directly traceable to the laser wavelength reference. The surface measurement of three 400mm diameter optical plane crystals is carried out using the measurement method, and the feasibility of the measurement method is verified through experiments.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1570-1577 [Abstract] ( 220 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (3210 KB) ( 212 )

	1578	The Improved DCL for Flower Subclass Classification Algorithm
		ZHANG Li-guo,LIU Bo,JIN Mei,SUN Sheng-chun,ZHANG Yong
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.05
		In view of the fact that the existing single fine-grained identification model cannot identify the flower subclasses without training samples, a method of mapping fine-grained features to high-dimensional space automatic classification is proposed in combination with destruction and construction learning (DCL) and KNN to realize the classification of the subclasses without training samples. At the same time, in view of the similar characteristics of the same flower subclass and the possible imbalance of samples between classes, the loss function of the DCL model was improved. contrastive loss was used to increase the class spacing of the subclass, and focal loss balanced class Loss. Finally, the experiment was carried out on the peony flower with unbalanced 308 samples. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of the training sample subclass after the improved algorithm was 0.932, and the F1 score was 0.925, which was greatly improved compared with the original DCL algorithm. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the subclass without training sample was 0.903, and the F1 score was 0.888.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1578-1584 [Abstract] ( 212 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2268 KB) ( 154 )

	1585	Quantum-inspired Enhancement Algorithms of Electron Microscope Images
		CUI Fa-yi
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.06
		Under the framework of quantum information processing, the processing procedures of existing quantum-derived image enhancement algorithms are summarized from the aspects of pixel grayscale normalization, pixel quantum state representation, quantum measurement, and measurement result mapping. Taking the SARS-CoV-2 new coronavirus electron microscope image enhancement as a sample, combined with experimental analysis, the weighting method of the quantum derived enhancement operator is improved, and a non-iterative determination operator for the optimized value of the adjustable parameter of the gray scale transformation is proposed. The experimental results show that the quantum-derived enhancement algorithm comprehensively considers the global and local information of the electron microscope image, takes into account the adjustment of the contrast and brightness of the electron microscope image, and enhances the image with clear details and appropriate brightness.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1585-1595 [Abstract] ( 207 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (6391 KB) ( 169 )

	1596	Test Method of Thermal Conductivity of Pouch Lithium-ion Cell Based on Thermography
		DONG Ze-wen,HOU De-xin,YE Shu-liang
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.07
		To provide accurate thermal conductivity value for thermal design of pouch lithium-ion cell, a test method based on thermography was proposed, which could invert the cross-plane and in-plane thermal conductivity of cell at the same time with the temperature filed data of cell surface recorded by thermal camera, avoiding the uncertainty factors brought by traditional contact temperature measurement. Several ternary polymer lithium-ion cell samples with different specifications were tested, and one type of samples was measured with steady-state method as a reference. The experimental results showed that the relative standard deviation of cross-plane and in-plane conductivity was less than 3%, and the relative deviation compared with the results of steady-state method of cross-plane conductivity was 3.1%. Therefore, the method was reliable and could provide reference data for the thermal design of cells.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1596-1602 [Abstract] ( 222 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2807 KB) ( 560 )

	1603	Research on Calibration of Electrostatic Velocity Meter by Hydrostatic Tow Method
		GUO Ze-yu,LIU Yuan,HU He-ming,XIE Dai-liang
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.08
		A high precision static water towing velocity standard device is used in measuring ability evaluation of current meter ACM3-RS made by JFE Advantech Co. The zero-offset characteristics is investigated, and the indication error of this current meter under standard towing velocity is tested. At last, the influence of immersion depth to measurement results is analyzed. The results shows that, the current meter express good linearity and repeatable under 1600mm/s, the indication error is lower than 2% or 5mm/s, it has to be recalibrated in higher speed range. The zero-offset drift can be obviously observed in measuring, which need to be correc-ted in practical application. The submergence depth of current meter can also influence on the measurement results, it is recommended to consider the actual submerged depth for calibration before application.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1603-1609 [Abstract] ( 259 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2393 KB) ( 163 )

	1610	Erosion and Corrosion Defect Influence on Flow Velocity inPipeline Using Ultrasonic Measurement
		WANG Xing-guo,ZHANG Lu-xin,HUANG Zhi-cheng,LI Wu-hao,FAN Yue-nong
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.09
		Considering the problem that the erosion and corrosion from the pipe wall will lead to the leakage of the fluid,the ultrasonic Doppler velocity profiler (UVP) is used to measure the fluid velocity distribution in the pipeline to determine damage degree of the pipe wall.Numerical simulations are carried out to analyze the fluid state under different reynolds numbers and different defects by establishing a fluid model in the pipeline with defects.Using the plexiglass with different prefabricated defects wall thickness as an experimental object.The parameters of UVP include the ultrasonic basic frequency is 8MHz and the incident angle is 10 degree,respectively.Both the CFD numerical simulation and the UVP experimental results show the fluid velocity distribution has a great difference at different locations from the defect,which is manifested by the fact that the defect is larger at the defect location to cause the fluid velocity distribution gentler.Vortex phenomenon occurs at the defect critical location, which increases distinctly with the increasing of the defect and flow rate.There is no obvious difference between the fluid velocity distribution after and before the location of the defect.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1610-1618 [Abstract] ( 205 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (4870 KB) ( 169 )

	1619	Research on Capacity Calibration Method of Underground Water-sealed Caverns
		ZHANG Yong-bo,YANG Li-hong,YANG Zhong-min,GAO Yan
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.10
		A capacity calibration method of underground water-sealed storage in rock caverns using total station was proposed, which arranged traverse surveying of each part of the cavern, formed a unified coordinate system, and the capacity table and curves of the cave are finally obtained by data acquisition and data fitted of the cavern. By establishing the measurement model and analyzing the uncertainty components, the uncertainty of the calibration method meeted the technical requirements of relevant specifications. The results showed that the relative expanded uncertainty was 4‰, when coverage factor k=2, confidence probability P=95%.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1619-1623 [Abstract] ( 227 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (737 KB) ( 118 )

	1624	Design of Key Parameters of Piston-cylinder Assembly of 500MPa Piston Pressure Gauge
		WANG Chen,LIU Huan-yu,YANG Yuan-chao,FAN Shuang-jiao,CAO Jin,PANG Gui-bing
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.11
		According to the requirements of 500MPa piston pressure gauge piston system design, its parameters are calculated theoretically, and the section diameter of piston rod, the maximum length of piston rod extending out of piston barrel, the outer diameter of piston barrel and the gap between piston barrel and fixed sleeve are determined. The design results are analyzed by finite element analysis software. The results show that the strength of the piston system is reliable. The piston system is manufactured according to the design results, and the verification test is carried out on the self-developed 500MPa piston pressure gauge prototype. The piston system operates stably in the process of 500 times of pressurization and decompression. The uncertainty of piston is calibrated, and the expanded uncertainty is 0.0038%. It shows that the structural design of the piston system is reasonable and can meet the requirements of practical application.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1624-1628 [Abstract] ( 200 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1701 KB) ( 146 )

	1629	Structure Properties Analysis of Offshore Rig Substructure Based on Model Reconstruction
		LIU Jin-mei,XIAO Xu-hao,ZHOU Guo-qiang
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.12
		To ensure the safe operation of offshore drilling work, the modal reconstruction method based on optimization theory is proposed, which is used for the bearing capacity estimation and structural safety evaluation of offshore rig substructure in service. Combining with engineering experience and test data, the problem on the finite element model updating is transformed into optimization parameter estimation. The numerical model is updated by the test results, its error is less than 6% under high load. The updated structural parameters are used as reference values to simulate the static and dynamic mechanical properties. Then the failure shape, dangerous position and its safe bearing capacity can be forecast more accurately.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1629-1634 [Abstract] ( 155 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (3625 KB) ( 114 )

	1635	The Temperature Rise of Tissue-Mimicking Phantom under the Action of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound
		CHEN Ning,ZHAO Peng,WANG Yue-bing,CAO Yong-gang
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.13
		In order to research the rule of tissue temperature rise under the action of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), a finite element simulation model of high-intensity focused acoustic field and tissue temperature field is established, and the simulation model is verified by in vitro irradiation experiments. The focused acoustic field in the water and tissue domain is modeled by simulation, and the absorbed acoustic energy is calculated and used as a heat source to calculate the temperature rise within the tissue. By preparing a biological tissue gel phantom, thermocouples are used to measure the temperature at the focal point of the phantom tissue under the action of HIFU. The results show that the model can effectively predict the temperature rise during HIFU treatment, and the difference between the temperature obtained in the experiment is not more than 3℃; the temperature of the phantom tissue will rise immediately when the phantom tissue is irradiated by ultrasound, and the temperature rise rate is faster at first, as the time increases, the temperature rise rate gradually decreases, and the temperature drops immediately after the irradiation is stopped.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1635-1642 [Abstract] ( 269 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2738 KB) ( 678 )

	1643	Development and Calibration for the Reference Measurement System of Partial Discharge Calibrator
		PAN Yang,SHI Hao,GENG Ji,QIN Yi,ZHOU Li-ren,ZHU Li,LIN Yan
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.14
		The partial discharge apparent charge is a key parameter for the calibration and measurement capability of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in the field of electromagnetic measurement database. In the detection of the partial discharge of the high-voltage equipment, the entire high-voltage circuit needs to be calibrated with a partial discharge calibrator first. The value of charge is an important guarantee for the accuracy of partial discharge measurement.Through theoretical derivation and measurement circuit simulation, the effects of source internal resistance, connecting cable and integral resistance of partial discharge calibrator on integral waveform and measurement results are analyzed.Through modifying the integral coefficient of each gear of the measurement system, an automated measurement software is developed independently and the overall measurement system is traced to DC current and time parameters. The capability verification results show that the measurement system meets the requirements of the reference charge meter.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1643-1648 [Abstract] ( 259 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2364 KB) ( 211 )

	1649	A Fault Classification Method of Photovoltaic Systems Based on Wavelet Packet Transform and Random Forest
		WU Zhong-qiang,CAO Bi-lian,HOU Lin-cheng,MA Bo-yan,HU Xiao-yu
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.15
		Aiming at the problem of photovoltaic system fault classification, a fault classification method that combines wavelet packet transform and random forest algorithm is proposed. The fault voltage data of the photovoltaic system are first collected, then the wavelet packet transform is used to decompose the voltage signal, the energy of each frequency band is extracted as the fault feature, and the feature samples are sent into the random forest algorithm for classification. The random forest algorithm is a algorithm that combines ensemble learning theory and random subspace method, which can accurately classify various faults. The independent photovoltaic power generation system is built by PSCAD/EMTDC, 12 types of faults are selected for simulation, 600 samples of fault feature are obtained, among which 360 samples are used to train the random forest classifier, and 240 samples are used to test the classification performance of the classifier. The simulation results show that this method can effectively identify 12 types of faults in the photovoltaic system, and the classification accuracy rate reaches 97.92%. Compared with the RBF neural network, the fault classification accuracy rate is increased by 4.17%, which have important meaning for the further realization of photovoltaic system fault diagnosis research.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1649-1656 [Abstract] ( 217 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (3124 KB) ( 394 )

	1657	Research of Software Designed Receiver on Two Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer
		YANG Zhi-qiang,LIANG Kun,ZHANG Ai-min,YUAN Xiao-di,SONG Wen-xia
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.16
		A research on two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) based on software-defined radio (SDR) receivers is proposed, it could reduce the diurnals and also the measurement noise considerably. SDR TWSTFT shows superior performance to that of SATRE TWSTFT for all links. NIM has participated the pilot study in Aisa-Europre link via satellite AM22, the SU-NIM SATRE TWSTFT is a long-distance baseline between SU in Russia and NIM in Beijing (China). As shown in the results, the gain of SDR TWSTFT over SATRE TWSTFT is obviously significant for the SU-NIM baseline, the mean gain factor in TDev is 2.0. The SU-NIM link is the only one long-distance baseline which get a obviously significant gain. Then, the time stability of ABS-2A link is analyzed, it is shown that SDR TWSTFT has a better gain on short-term link noise suppression.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1657-1663 [Abstract] ( 215 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (3551 KB) ( 132 )

	1664	Establishment of Reference Radiation Field for 40~125kV Pulsed X-ray
		ZHANG Xiao-le,HUANG Jian-wei,LI De-hong,CHENG Jian-bo,YANG Yang,CAO Lei,ZHAO Rui
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.17
		To solve the problem of timing correction of pulsed X-ray dose monitoring instruments for X-ray diagnosis and security inspection, 40~125kV pulsed X-ray reference radiation field that simulates the above-mentioned radiation conditions has been established. The reference radiation field have both conventional radiation field characteristics and pulse radiation field characteristics. A high-voltage generator based on grid control technology can control the X ray tube to generate X-rays with different pulse characteristics. To measure the pulse characteristics of the generated X-rays (rising and falling time, exposure time, etc.), the pulse time module has been used, and the results show that the reference radiation field can be used for time response correction and dose traceability of active dose monitoring equipment.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1664-1668 [Abstract] ( 213 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1167 KB) ( 136 )

	1669	Influence of Extreme Particulate Matter Concentration Environment on Performance of Low-cost Light Scattering Particle Sensor
		WU Dan,ZHANG Guo-cheng,ZHAO Xiao-ning,ZHAO Hong-da,Lü Chao,LIU Chen-zhao,LI Jing-jing
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.18
		Four low-cost particulate sensors (PT, NF, SF, YT) were utilized as the representatives, comparing with medium-level light-scattering particulate matter monitor (LL).The linear response and parallelism were tested through the high concentration submergence experiment.The results showed that both the linearity of PT and SF sensor were much better than that of YT and NF sensors after the high-concentration submergence experiment.Moreover, the high concentration of dust barely influenced the parallelism of PT and SF.According to the consequences, the high concentration submergence experiment can indeed pick out the defectives to some extent, which indicated that high concentration submergence experiment could serve as a laboratory experiment to simulate extreme environmental conditions experiment for the purpose of pre-market testing.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1669-1673 [Abstract] ( 253 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2155 KB) ( 409 )

	1674	Analysis of the Uncertainty in Determination of Fatty Acid Value of Wheat Flour
		LIN Xiu,XIE Ting-ting,LIN Huang, ZHENG Lin
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.19
		The process of determining fatty acid value of wheat flour by benzene extraction method was studied. Each uncertainty component of the method was analyzed. The modeling, component calculation, synthetic standard uncertainty and extended uncertainty in the uncertainty evaluation were described.The results showed that when the fatty acid value of wheat flour was 54.8mg/100g, the expanded uncertainty was 1.2mg/100g, k=2. Blank test was the main reason for introducing uncertainty.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1674-1678 [Abstract] ( 242 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (429 KB) ( 336 )

	1679	Feature extraction of EEG high order tensor based on EEMD
		FU Rong-rong,YANG Yang,YU Bao,LIU Chong,ZHANG Chi
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.20
		In view of the shortcomings of 2D principal component analysis (2DPCA)which ignores the frequency domain characteristics of electroencephalography (EEG) and the limitation that wavelet parameters are difficult to determine when constructing EEG high-order tensor based on wavelet decomposition, a feature extraction method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD)and multi linear principal component analysis (MPCA) is proposed. The contrast experiments of three different feature extraction methods are designed, and the classification accuracy is obtained by combining Fisher linear discriminant analysis classification method. The results show that compared with the feature extraction method of constructing high-order tensor based on wavelet decomposition combined with MPCA for dimensionality reduction and 2DPCA, the average recognition accuracy is improved by 4.75% and 2.6% respectively, and the variance of recognition accuracy is reduced by 72.69% and 23.86% respectively. The new feature extraction method not only improves the recognition accuracy of single motor imagery EEG signal, but also has better applicability, which lays the foundation for the realization of motor imagery EEG signal decoding.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1679-1685 [Abstract] ( 206 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1660 KB) ( 172 )

	1686	Device Construction and Method Research of Biological Counting Evaluation of Bioaerosol Detectors
		TIAN Ying,ZHANG Guo-cheng,WU Dan,LIU Jia-qi,SHEN Shang-yi,PAN Yi-ting,LI Jing-jing
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.12.21
		The bioaerosol detector monitors the existence and quantity of biological particles based on the principle of laser-induced fluorescence, and its development is of great significance to the early warning of public health and national defense security. Through designing and constructing a calibration device, the colony counting method is used to evaluate the key technical indicators of the bioaerosol detector after nebulizing the bacteria liquid,and the effects of bacterial species, bacterial solution concentration and fluorescence intensity on the monitoring results are studied. The results show that bioaerosol produced in the calibration device is sufficiently uniform and stable. The aerosol concentration is determined by the colony counting method, and the calibration of the bioaerosol detectors is initially realized.
		2021 Vol. 42 (12): 1686-1691 [Abstract] ( 279 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2280 KB) ( 576 )

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