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2021 Vol. 42, No. 11 Published: 2021-11-28

	1409	Coupling Error Modeling and Compensation of Transceiver Split Laser Four-degree-of-freedom Error Measurement System
		CHENG Zhen-ying,MEI Han-bing,LIU Xin,LEI Ying-jun,LI Rui-jun
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.01
		Linear guide pairs are widely used in precision machine tools and instruments, and their kinematic accuracy directly affects the spatial positioning accuracy of the equipment in which they are located. Aiming at the earlier-developed transceiver split-type four-degree-of-freedom laser measurement system that can measure the straightness, pitch and yaw angle of the guide rail, but there is a problem of coupling interference between the straightness and angle measurement results, an error modeling and compensation method is proposed. The principle and structure of the laser measurement system are introduced, the main sources of the coupling error are determined and analyzed, and the compensation model of the coupling error is established by using the method of matrix optics and flush coordinate transformation. The results show that the straightness and angle measurement errors are reduced by more than 75% after the compensation using the proposed model. The proposed error modeling and compensation method not only helps to improve the accuracy of the four-degree-of-freedom laser measurement system, but also helps to reduce its cost.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1409-1417 [Abstract] ( 302 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (3590 KB) ( 414 )

	1418	The Research of Measurement Uncertainty of On-orbit Lunar Elevation Data with the Laser Altimeter on Chang’ E-1 Satellite
		WANG Dong-xia,SONG Ai-guo,WEN Xiu-lan
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.02
		To study the detecting uncertainty of lunar elevation of Laser Altimeter on Chang’E-1 satellite, lunar surface on-orbit elevation measurement data was investigated. Firstly, the elevation measurement data with laser altimeter were selected from lunar mare flat terrain region. Then, the main uncertainty sources were analyzed and the corresponding mathematical model was established. Finally, the uncertainty evaluation was researched based on Monte Carlo method (MCM), in addition, the evaluation results of several lunar mare elevation detection were given and compared with the results of guide to the uncertainty in measurement (GUM). The results show that the evaluation results of MCM are essentially in agreement with the results of GUM. The processing results can be contrast with the results of other lunar detection, in order to have more and updated discoveries of the moon and space environment.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1418-1424 [Abstract] ( 314 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (4023 KB) ( 246 )

	1425	Research on Indoor 200m Virtual Baseline Measurement Method
		LIU Hong-guang,CAI Qing-mei,LI Qing,WANG Zhe,LI Hong-liang,ZHAO Mei-rong,ZHENG Ye-long
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.03
		In order to solve the problem of establishing the detection standard of hand-held laser rangefinder over 50m, three plane mirrors were used to fold the optical path on the 50m high-precision guide rail to realize four-times optical path multiplication, so a 200m indoor baseline was built. Then Leica TS15 total station was regarded as the verification standard to calibrate the baseline length. Finally, the indication error verification experiment of Leica DISTOTM D510 hand-held laser rangefinder in 50~200m measuring section was carried out. The experimental results show that the measurement range of the indoor baseline system can be widened to 200m, and the expanded uncertainty of indication error verification result is 2.2mm (k=2), which meets the requirements of verification regulation, and is conducive to compress the long baseline into indoor limited space.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1425-1429 [Abstract] ( 287 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1150 KB) ( 196 )

	1430	Palmprint Classification Using a Multi KernelSparse Representation Model
		SHANG Li,ZHOU Yan,SUN Zhan-li
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.04
		Compared with sparse representation (SR) model, signal kernel function based SR (KSR) model, can reduce efficiently the number of dimensions of data and computational complexity of this learning model, as also as improve the feature classification accuracy. However, the proposed model usually doesn’t contain proper and complete classification information for the selection of kernel functions and their corresponding parameters, therefore, in order to meet the needs of higher feature classification accuracy, a multiple kernel function based KSR (M-KSR) model and its fast sparse optimization method are proposed here, and the proposed model is used to classify palmprint images. Test results prove that the M-KSR model based palmprint classification method is very efficient and applicable in practice.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1430-1435 [Abstract] ( 259 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (871 KB) ( 141 )

	1436	Research on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle to Ground Vehicle Target Detection Algorithm Based on Multiscale Fusion Method
		ZHANG Li-guo,JIANG Yi-xuan,TIAN Guang-jun
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.05
		With the development of drone technology,the use of drone images for ground vehicle target recognition is of great significance both in rescue and disaster relief and in traffic management. However,in actual use,due to the flight height and other reasons,the target in the image is generally small in size and the feature information is not obvious. It is difficult to detect the target using existing algorithms. Therefore,an image multi-target detection method based on multi-scale fusion is proposed. Using Faster R-CNN as the basic framework,the feature information of different levels is fused,and the context information is combined to realize the detection of small targets in unmanned aerial vehicle images. The VisDrone dataset is used to perform ground inspection on ground vehicles. Experiments have shown that the detection of ground vehicle targets by drones has achieved good results. The accuracy of the algorithm used has reached 88%, which is an increase of 3.8% compared with other algorithms the above.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1436-1442 [Abstract] ( 233 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (4986 KB) ( 425 )

	1443	Measurement of Specific Heat Capacity of Metal Materials by CW Laser Heating Method
		ZHOU Yi,LIN Hong,FENG Xiao-juan,QIU Ping,LIU Wei,ZHANG Jin-tao
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.06
		A method for measuring the specific heat capacity of metal samples by CW laser heating was proposed. Heat transfer model of finite size specimen and the quasi-steady state measurement model under continuous heating were established and verified by numerical simulation with COMSOL Multiphysics software. Considering the heat loss of contact heat transfer, convection heat transfer and heat radiation in the actual measurement process, the heat loss of the measurement model was modified. The simulation results show that the deviation of the modified model is less than ±0.81% when the comprehensive surface heat transfer coefficient is less than 80W/(m2·K). The experimental measurement device was set up, 532nm CW laser was used as heating source. Titanium alloy TC4, stainless steel 316L, steel 45, aluminum alloy 7075 and copper T2 samples were processed and drilled micropore on each sample. The heated surfaces of the samples were coated with graphite and the temperature rise inside the samples was measured by using a very fine K-type thermocouple. The specific heat capacity of copper T2 was used to calibrate the system parameters. The experiment results show that the repeatability of measurement is better than 0.91%, the relative deviation between the average value of the measurement results of each metal sample and the reference value of the data manual is less than ±3.1%. The relative expanded uncertainty is evaluated to be U=3.66%(k=2).
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1443-1453 [Abstract] ( 266 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (5257 KB) ( 404 )

	1454	Reproduction and Barometric Pressure Correction of Open Gallium Melting Point Device
		MAO Ju-lin,SUN Jian-ping,LU Xiao-feng
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.07
		The open gallium melting point device developed by the National Institute of Metrology in China realized the freezing and reappearance automation of gallium melting point, and established a benchmark device composed of standard platinum resistance thermometers and open gallium melting point. The experimental results showed that the melting temperature plateau of gallium melting point lasted 50h, and the reproducibility of gallium melting point is 0.1mK, the difference between the closed structure and the open structure of gallium melting point container is reduced from 0.13mK to 0.06mK after air pressure correction,the value obtained from the gallium melting point temperature-pressure linear fitting curve is consistent with the correction coefficient of the gallium melting point given in the 90 temperature scale.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1454-1458 [Abstract] ( 252 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1348 KB) ( 160 )

	1459	Optimization of Leaf-spring-type Recovery Mechanism for Low-frequency Standard Vibrator Based on Genetic Algorithm
		ZHANG Xu-fei,ZHANG Feng-yang,LI Kai,QUAN Long
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.08
		In order to effectively improve the flexible guiding performance and high-frequency working stability of the leaf spring recovery mechanism of the low-frequency standard vibrator, the working principle of the leaf-spring-type electromagnetic vibrator and its simplified electromechanical coupling model are analyzed. The influence of different combination of recovery spring sizes on the modal frequencies and output characteristics of the vibrator are obtained through the modal and harmonic response analyses based on Ansys. The results show that the width and thickness of the horizontal and side springs are the main influencing factors. Based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm, the optimal sizes of the horizontal and side springs are obtained iteratively under the condition of the vibrator output characteristics, and the second-order twisted mode frequency of the recovery spring is increased to 442.05Hz, which is nearly twice as much as the lowest value. The research results effectively expand the stable working frequency range and improve the working performance of the vibrator.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1459-1465 [Abstract] ( 243 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (4630 KB) ( 318 )

	1466	Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Clustering by Fast Search and Find of Density Peaks Combined Otsu Method
		XING Ting-ting,GUAN Yang,SUN Deng-yun,MENG Zong,FAN Feng-jie
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.09
		To solve the problem of underdetermined blind separation,caused by unknown vibration sources and smaller number of observation signals, an improved method of clustering by fast search and find of density peaks (FSDPC) is proposed. Initially, the mixed signal is projected to the multi-dimensional space and then calculate each point density value, using the Otsu method following for density threshold segmentation so as to remove the influence of interference on the accuracy of clustering,and then determine the cluster center according to the data density peaks, to estimate the mixing matrix;finally utilizing L1 norm minimization to separate mixed signals,and the envelope spectrum analysis is carried to realize fault diagnosis. The FSDPC_Otsu method can estimate the mixed matrix under the condition of the unknown source number and the initial value of the cluster center, at the same time, the accuracy of the mixed matrix can be guaranteed. The experimental results show that the sparse component analysis of the FSDPC_Otsu can separate the multiple fault signals of the bearing and realize the fault diagnosis.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1466-1471 [Abstract] ( 233 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (3470 KB) ( 113 )

	1472	Calibration and Process Simulation of FBG Strain Deflection Method
		HOU Jun-kai,LIU Bing,CUI Jian-jun,WEI Jin-he,CHEN Kai,ZHANG Peng,LI Xue-feng
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.10
		A strain calibration test method and device of equal strength cantilever FBG sensor based on deflection analysis are introduced.The simulation analysis method of related parameters in the strain transfer process of FBG sensor is studied.The relevant parameters in the strain transfer process are accurately measured, and the surface strain and deflection of equal strength cantilever beam under different loads are theoretically analyzed and simulated.At the same time, the relationship between deflection and beam surface strain and FBG sensor strain is analyzed, the strain sensitivity of FBG sensor after calibration is given, and the uncertainty of the calibration result of FBG sensor measured by deflection method is evaluated. When the inclusion factor k=2, the relative extended uncertainty of strain sensitivity of FBG sensor is less than 0.5%, which can meet the requirements of high-precision strain test, and provides technique support for strain calibration of high-precision FBG sensor.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1472-1481 [Abstract] ( 240 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (4854 KB) ( 289 )

	1482	Compound Shaded-pole Motor Torsional Vibration Detection and Analysis
		ZHOU Feng,ZHAO Hao
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.11
		A compound shaded-pole motor is designed, which has double-stator and double-rotor structure. When the motor is running, the stator winding are excited in order to generated the rotating magnetic field,which can drives the rotor to rotate. The characteristics of air gap magnetic field are analyzed, the electromagnetic torque formula of the motor is derived, which indicates that torsional vibration exists during the motor operation. A corresponding prototype is developed, and the torsional vibration of the motor under different excitation states are detected by the sensor. The results show that the torsional vibration amplitude of the motor changed with the phase difference of the two-phase excitation voltage. Finally, the change law is analyzed theoretically, the result is that the torsional vibration wave phase difference is twice of the excitation voltage.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1482-1487 [Abstract] ( 203 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2465 KB) ( 190 )

	1488	A Design of Three Frequency Standard Ultrasonic Power Source Based on DDS
		CHEN Shen-li,GUO Guang-jian,LI Min-yi
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.12
		Combining theoretical method research and specific hardware design, a three-frequency standard ultrasonic transducer based on LiNbO3 single crystal substrate is proposed. The DDS chip is controlled by a single-chip microcomputer to generate sinusoidal signals of three frequencies. After a high-frequency operational amplifier circuit, the standard ultrasonic transducer is excited to output standard ultrasonic power, thereby forming a three-frequency standard ultrasonic power source, which can be used as a standard for ultrasonic power transmission. The three-frequency standard ultrasonic power source realizes the output of 18.9MHz high-frequency ultrasonic waves. The results of comparison with the British NPL measurement show that the error of the ultrasonic power value at the three frequency points is not more than ±5%, which verifies the validity of the data output by the three-frequency point standard ultrasonic power source.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1488-1493 [Abstract] ( 196 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1609 KB) ( 220 )

	1494	Real-time Load Pull Measurement Technique Based Vector Error Correction Method
		WANG Yi-bang,LUAN Peng,HUO Ye,WU Ai-hua,LIANG Fa-guo,DU Jing
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.13
		A novel load pull measurement technique based vector error correction method is developed. The technique includes the 8-term vector error calibration on the vector network analyzer and one-tier absolute power calibration for one receiver within the vector network analyzer, which could obtain the input/load reflection coefficient, input/output power and power gain for the device under test at one time. Then the measurement system is set up based the proposed method. Compared with the commercial Focus load pull system, the test result shows they have promising results, which demonstrates the accuracy of the proposed method.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1494-1498 [Abstract] ( 280 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1302 KB) ( 236 )

	1499	Extracting S-Parameter of Two-port Network by Using One-port Calibration Error Term of Vector Network Analyzer
		SUN Jing,LIU Chen,LIANG Fa-guo,HUO Ye,LUAN Peng,WU Ai-hua
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.14
		A method to extract the S-parameters of the reciprocal two-port network by using the one-port calibration error term of the vector network analyzer is proposed. The method requires two one-port calibrations on difference planes, and then extract the S-parameter of two-port network by using vector network analyzer one-port calibration error term, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified by experiments. The method can be applied to S-parameter extraction of impedance deployment network during load pull and noise parameter measurement.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1499-1503 [Abstract] ( 258 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2205 KB) ( 242 )

	1504	Design and Implementation of Remote Traceability System Based on Optical Fiber
		YUAN Yuan,SUN Xia,YANG Jia-ming,ZHANG Ran,WANG Chao
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.15
		In order to meet the demand of high-precision remote traceability, a remote traceability system based on optical fiber was designed and implemented. The system traced the time of the local source to the remote high-benchmark time source based on the high precision and high stability of two-way time transfer via optical fiber, and also adopted the dual backup mechanism of primary and standby circuits to ensure its reliability. Experiment showed that the system can achieve the traceability effect with the time difference less than 2ns and the daily frequency stability within 7×10^-15. Meanwhile, based on the time synchronization technology, the system can control the time difference between the primary and standby circuits within 0.5ns.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1504-1510 [Abstract] ( 214 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2113 KB) ( 369 )

	1511	Energy Calibration and MC Simulation of Broad Energy Planar HPGe Detector
		YAN Yong-qiang,SUN Sheng-tao,WU Jin-jie,JIN Shang-zhong,ZHAO Rui
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.16
		In order to better serve environmental radiation monitoring, the planer HPGe spectrometer is calibrated by standard radioactive point sources 241Am, 133Ba, 60Co, 137Cs, 152Eu. And the detection efficiency, half height full width, channel address and other data under different energy are obtained respectively. After data processing, the function of energy-channel, function of FWHM-energy scale, relationship of energy and detection efficiency are obtained. At the same time, the energy resolution is 1.58keV (60Co, 1.33Mev). It is found that the MC model established by CT technology is more reliable and efficient. At the same time, the detection efficiency of the model is corrected by the upper dead layer and the bottom dead layer thickness in turn, and the relative error of the overall detection efficiency is within 5%, which is in good agreement with the actual experimental results.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1511-1516 [Abstract] ( 300 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1479 KB) ( 626 )

	1517	Influence and Analysis of Different Methods to Evaluate Uncertainty of Standard Solution Dilution on Instrument Calibration Results
		SUN Xi-rong,HUANG Jin-mei
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.17
		Diluted standard solution is often used for calibration of chemical analysis instruments.The uncertainty of dilution solution is the main component of the uncertainty of calibration instruments,which directly affects the final evaluation results.Taking 10mg/L and 50mg/L standard solutions for infrared oil meter as examples,the uncertainty of dilution solution is evaluated by mathematical method and empirical method respectively, and the influence of the two methods on the final results is analyzed. The results show that the evaluation results of the two methods are different, but the difference is not big. When evaluating the calibration uncertainty of instruments, different methods should be selected according to different accuracy requirements.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1517-1521 [Abstract] ( 231 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (389 KB) ( 511 )

	1522	Resrach on the Collaborative Value Assignment of Plasmid Nucleic Acid Refernce Materials Based on Digital PCR
		NIU Chun-yan,ZHANG Yong-zhuo,YANG Jia-yi,DONG Lian-hua,FU Bo-qiang,WANG Jing
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.18
		In order to develop plasmid nucleic acid reference material of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a digital PCR method was established, and several laboratories were combined to conduct cooperative evaluation of the reference material by using the digital PCR method. The factors affecting the accuracy of plasmid evaluation in the process of cooperative evaluation were discussed, and the uncertainty of the reference material was evaluated. The two reference materials have been certified with codes GBW(E)091038 and GBW(E)091039, which can provide quantitative standards for detection methods and can be used in method evaluation, product quality control and many other aspects.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1522-1527 [Abstract] ( 299 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (688 KB) ( 896 )

	1528	Research on Fatigue Driving Recognition Based on Brain Function Network
		FU Rong-rong,MI Rui-fu,WANG Han,YU Bao,WANG Lin
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.19
		To effectively identify the drivers fatigue status, a real highway driving experiment is conducted. Collecting multi-channel electroencephalograph (EEG) of drivers at different times through wireless EEG acquisition equipment. Based on the phase lag index, an adjacency matrix and a binary matrix are established. A brain function network and its corresponding topographic map are obtained. The complex network theory is used to calculate and analyze the characteristic parameters of the brain function network node-degree and compare the node degree at different moments. According to the variation trend of each node degree and the driver's subjective judgment, it is found that as the driving experiment continues, the degree of driving fatigue increases, the information processing ability of the brain decreases, and the decrease trend of phase lag index value and the node degree is obvious. It shows that the degree of brain function network can be used as an objective index of brain fatigue. Through comparison with other detection methods, it is obtained that using the node degree as the evaluation index of brain fatigue is more reliable.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1528-1533 [Abstract] ( 292 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1813 KB) ( 869 )

	1534	Precise Measurements of Planck Constant: Histories and Present Situation
		LI Yu-fen,HE Sui-rong,WEI Lian-fu
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.20
		Planck constant plays the central role in quantum theory and quantum effect observations. Its accurate determination is of great significance to establish the physical standard of mass metrology, precisely detect various quantum effects, and also characterize the feature of early big bang universe. Given the precise value of Planck constant was defined in 2019 after more than a hundred years of measurements by various indirect and direct methods, the historical process is reviewed systematically, and the future development of precise measurement of Planck constant is forecasted.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1534-1542 [Abstract] ( 477 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1723 KB) ( 921 )

	1543	Review on the Research Progress of Electromagnetic Metrology
		HE Qing,SHAO Hai-ming,LIANG Cheng-bin
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.11.21
		On May 20, 2019, the SI actualized that the seven basic units were based on the basic physical constants, and the measurement system ushered in the major reform of “quantized unit of measurement” and “flat value transfer”. Electromagnetic metrology occupies an extremely important position in the field of metrology. It is of great significance to carry out research on electromagnetic measurement to maintain the advanced quality of value transmission and promote the new development of metrology. The basic characteristics of electromagnetic measurement were introduced, its research status in quantum standards and chips, Joule balance, AC electricity metering, AC impedance and ratio metering, high voltage metering, and magnetic parameter measurement were summarized. Finally, the development trend of electromagnetic measurement was prospected.
		2021 Vol. 42 (11): 1543-1552 [Abstract] ( 298 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (485 KB) ( 816 )

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