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2021 Vol. 42, No. 8 Published: 2021-08-28

	977	Design of a High Linearity Two-Dimensional Uncoupled Nanometer Piezoelectric Displacement System
		LUO Si-wei,LE Yan-fen,PENG Yang,WU Jun-jie,LEI Li-hua,ZHANG Bo,JIN Tao
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.01
		A set of two-dimensional uncoupled nano-piezo displacement system with high linearity is designed. A charge control scheme for simultaneous linear operation of multiple piezoelectric actuators is proposed. The piezoelectric controller with ground configuration function. A T-shaped resistance network is introduced into the controller, which enables piezoelectric actuators with small capacitance to perform low-frequency linear operation. The mechanical structure of the displacement platform driven by piezoelectric ceramics is designed. The platform adopts a nested series structure to avoid coupling displacement. The stiffness and displacement analysis of the displacement platform are carried out through analytical methods and ANSYS Workbench finite element simulation. A set of interference displacement measurement system is built to verify the displacement, coupling error and linearity of the piezoelectric displacement stage. The experimental results show that the coupling error of the two-dimensional stage within the full stroke of the system is only 0.098% at the maximum, and the remaining trajectory deviation caused by hysteresis asymmetry can be reduced to 0.79%. The theoretical analysis and experiments verify the designed two-dimensional pressure. The electric displacement system can effectively suppress the coupling displacement and the positioning accuracy has been significantly improved.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 977-985 [Abstract] ( 343 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (3417 KB) ( 738 )

	986	Improved Intuitionistic Fuzzy C-means Clustering Pork Image Detection in HSV Space
		WANG Di,DONG Su-fen,CHENG Fang,ZHAO Yan,LI Jin
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.02
		There are many methods to classify meat by using computer vision technology. For the problems of poor segmentation effect and poor noise adaptability of traditional maximum variance (OTSU) method and the problems of large size, unportability and high cost of detection instruments in most nondestructive testing methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and hyperspectral imaging, HSV color space combined with clustering method is proposed to cluster and segment image pixels. When the pork image is segmented from the natural lighting environment, the proposed method is improved by an average of 1.46% compared with the traditional clustering method. When the image with 0.1 and 0.2 salt and pepper noise is segmented, the proposed method has better anti-noise ability than the traditional method. The average error rate of the traditional segmentation method has increased by 16.15% and 38.28% respectively. The average error rate of the proposed method has only increased by 1.57% and 1.49%. The accuracy of image segmentation and noise robustness improve the detection accuracy of the target region, reduce the information loss in the image preprocessing stage, and improve the quality of the meat classification method.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 986-992 [Abstract] ( 291 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2515 KB) ( 171 )

	993	Near-field Intensity Detection of LED Array Based on Error Feedback
		HOU Qi-zhen,MA Bing-zheng
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.03
		Light emitting diode (LED), which acts as a signal light source in fields such as airports and railways,usually uses the way of arrays of LEDs. The traditional method is to send the light source to the laboratory for detection after disassembly. In this way, the state of the light source at the work site cannot be obtained and the whole detection period is a little long. A method based on illumination error is proposed to solve the above problems. First, in the scene where the lamp is not disassembled or moved, the illumination distribution was detected by moving the illumination probe in the near-field area. Second, presetting the light intensity distribution of each LED. Third, calculating the error between the illuminationwhich was formed at the measuring point under this light intensity distribution and actual illumination that was measured by the illumination probe at the measuring point and updating the setting intensity value and iterating several times until the error is small enough. Final, the approximate light intensity distribution of each LED calculated at this time is superimposed to calculate the light intensity distribution of the entire LED array. The method can quickly and accurately detect the distribution of light intensity of lamps on the spot, while ensuring the portable design of the whole detection system.The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect the light intensity under different conditions, and the matching degree can reach more than 93%.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 993-999 [Abstract] ( 210 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2674 KB) ( 231 )

	1000	Comparison of Scale Division Methods between Single-fixed-point Extrapolation and Multi-fixed-point Interpolation for 0.9μm Pyrometers
		LIU Xiao-ying,LIU Ju-fen,WANG Jing-hui,LU Xiao-feng
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.04
		Scale division methods for single fixed-point extrapolation and multiple fixed-point interpolation are two commonly used calibration methods for standard photoelectric pyrometers. A comparative study of two methods was carried out for a newly developed 0.9μm photoelectric pyrometer. In the temperature measurement range of 500~1800℃, the high-temperature blackbody furnace was used as a comparison source to verify the value at the hundreds of temperature points against a standard photoelectric pyrometer. The results show that the consistency of the temperature values of the two methods is better than 0.2℃, and the maximum error away the standard value is not more than 0.6℃. The calibration uncertainty of the two methods is evaluated as 0.2~1.3℃ and 0.2~0.8℃, respectively, k=2. The single fixed point extrapolation method must measure the pyrometer spectral responsivity and non-linearity. The multiple fixed-point interpolation method is simple and easy to operate, and the uncertainty can be kept at a high level. The multi-fixed-point interpolation method can be universally used for most temperature calibration laboratories, whether it is for the manufacture or the periodic calibration.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1000-1005 [Abstract] ( 249 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1244 KB) ( 276 )

	1006	The Uncertainty Evaluation of Seebeck Coefficient of Thermoelectric Materials
		LI Shuo,GUO Tao,YAO Ya-xuan,REN Ling-ling
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.05
		The thermoelectric materials are new functional materials, which can make the mutual transformation of thermal and electric energy directly. The Seebeck coefficient is the key parameter to evaluate the property of thermoelectric materials and its accurate measurement is very important. Based on the accurate measurement method, the traceability path of Seebeck coefficient was established, and the traceability of test apparatus were studied. The measurement uncertainty of P-type bismuth telluride Bi2Te3 bulk thermoelectric material was evaluated, and the relative expanded uncertainty was 0.46%～2.52% (k=2).
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1006-1011 [Abstract] ( 285 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1708 KB) ( 334 )

	1012	Compensation Method of Time System Difference of On-off Valve of pVTt Gas Flow Standard Device
		LI Ning,XIANG De-hua,ZHOU Yan,ZHU Ning,CHEN Wei-jiao,XU Kuang-yu
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.06
		Aiming at the problem that the switch valve in the pVTt gas flow standard device affects the measurement result of the nozzle outflow coefficient, the relationship between the flow area and the opening of the high vacuum butterfly valve and the high vacuum ball valve in the pVTt gas flow standard device is analyzed, and the formulas of the mass flow rate of the two valves with time are respectively derived; the best timing positions of the two valves are calculated ; design experiments have verified that the best timing points of the butterfly valve and ball valve used are located at the valve opening position of 4.5° and 2.5°, respectively.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1012-1017 [Abstract] ( 228 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1656 KB) ( 178 )

	1018	Support Vector Machine Classification Modeling for Acoustic Emission Detection of Valve Internal Leakage
		WU Wen-kai,XU Ke-jun,YE Guo-yang
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.07
		Aiming at the problem of inaccurate regression modeling in the current research on acoustic emission detection of valve leakage, considering the practical application needs, a classification modeling study of valve liquid leakage is carried out. The mechanism and basic characteristics of valve leakage acoustic emission are analyzed, and a support vector machine(SVM) classification model for valve leakage acoustic emission signal feature quantity and leakage level is established. The valve leakage acoustic emission signal collection experiment is performed at the industrial production site, and the collected signals are pre-processed and feature extracted. The grid search method is used to find the optimal training parameters, and the optimal support vector machine classification model is established. The model prediction results show that the accuracy of valve leakage model prediction ang identification is more than 93%.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1018-1025 [Abstract] ( 245 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (3793 KB) ( 528 )

	1026	Parallel Six-Axis Force Sensor with Heavy-load Capacity and Static Calibration
		CAI Da-jun,YAO Jian-tao,LI Ying-kang,YI Wang-min,XU Yun-dou,ZHAO Yong-sheng
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.08
		Aim at the requirements of the sensor on heavy load and small size, a hybrid branch parallel six-axis force with havey-load capacity is proposed, the structural characteristics and measuring mechanism are also explained. The calibration system of six-axis force sensor is built, and in order to improve the effect of dimensional coupling and manufacturing error on the measurement accuracy of the sensor, the model optimization of calibration algorithm is studied. The least square method and BP neural network calibration algorithm are respectively used to calibration analyze the loading experimental data, the results show that the BP neural network algorithm is better than the least square method, and the correctness of analysis results is proved by the grouping test of random data. Based on the BP neural network, a BP neural network algorithm based on artificial fish swarm algorithm is proposed, and the calibration data is calculated and analyzed by using the optimized BP neural network algorithm, the results show that the BP neural network algorithm based on artificial fish swarm algorithm is more stable and difficult to fall into local extremum.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1026-1033 [Abstract] ( 280 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1360 KB) ( 803 )

	1034	Tool Wear Condition Monitoring Based on Convolution-gated Recurrent Neural Network
		WU Feng-he,ZHONG Hao,ZHANG Qin,GUO Bao-su,SUN Ying-bin
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.09
		Aiming at the demand of online monitoring tool wear status, a method for online monitoring tool wear status based on convolution gated recurrent neural network was proposed. Based on the advantages of convolutional neural network and gated recurrent unit neural network, a convolutional gated recurrent neural network was constructed; the cutting force was used as the input signal and the noise was removed by wavelet noise reduction; the convolutional neural network was used to extract the high-dimensional features that represented the key information of the tool wear status; the cumulative effect of the model on the time scale was fully expressed through the gated recurrent neural unit, which reflected the wear time-series characteristics. Experiments showed that under the condition of limited tool wear data sample, the tool wear state monitoring through convolution-gated recurrent neural network had a good effect, and the accuracy rate was 97%.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1034-1040 [Abstract] ( 242 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2017 KB) ( 523 )

	1041	Research on Uncertainty Analysis Method of Typical Detonation Driven Model with Multiple Accumulation Function
		SHEN Fei,WANG Hui,ZHANG Gao
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.10
		In order to establish an uncertain analysis and calculation method for the detonation driven model with multiple accumulation functions, a typical cylinder test model was selected for uncertainty analysis. The main factors that affected the measurement uncertainty of various physical quantities mainly included the processes of obtaining original data, fitting displacement curve, calculating expansion velocity and specific kinetic energy. The uncertainty evaluation model of fitting parameters with multiple accumulation functions was modified. At the same time, based on the results of 25mm cylinder test for TNT and JO-159, the variation rule of measurement uncertainty of specific kinetic energy was obtained, and the influences of several factors were analyzed. The results showed that the most important factor that affected the measurement uncertainty of specific kinetic energy of copper pipe was the relative uncertainty of image magnification ratio. With the increase of the specific kinetic energy of copper pipe, the standard uncertainty increased approximately linearly, while the relative uncertainty gradually decreased in the middle and later stages of expansion. For 25mm cylinder test of most high explosive, the relative expanded uncertainty (k=2) of the specific kinetic energy was no more than 2% and became smaller for explosives with higher work capacity.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1041-1046 [Abstract] ( 224 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1082 KB) ( 115 )

	1047	Research on Incremental Grating Encoder Error with Different Resolution
		XIAO Meng,ZHAO Hao,FENG Hao,LI Hong-wu
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.11
		In order to study the measurement error of incremental grating encoder with different resolution, an error detection system based on rotary angular acceleration measurement is constructed. Firstly, the working principle of permanent magnet angular acceleration sensor is introduced, and also the angular acceleration measurement principle of incremental grating encoder. Then the angular acceleration sensor and incremental grating encoder are used to detect the rotational angular acceleration on the actual axis of the same sinusoidal vibration source, the error causes of grating encoder with different resolution are analyzed according to the experimental results. Finally, the references of choosing incremental grating encoder resolution are discussed.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1047-1052 [Abstract] ( 210 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (4132 KB) ( 359 )

	1053	Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty of Level 0.005 Pressure Type Water Depth Measuring Instrument Verification Device
		WANG Peng-peng,CHENG Jie,ZHANG Yan-kun,ZHAO Shi-wei,MENG Qing-jun
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.12
		The GUM method and the adaptive Monte Carlo method were used to evaluate the measurement uncertainty of the level 0.005 pressure type water depth measuring instrument verification device, and the GUM method was verified by the adaptive Monte Carlo method. The results showed that the pressure measurement model was more complicated, both methods were suitable for evaluating the measurement uncertainty, and when the effective number of standard uncertainty was taken one bit, the GUM method was verified at each detection point. It was very important to choose the reasonable value of the numerical tolerance. In the actual measurement, it should be selected according to the accuracy of the measuring instrument and the requirements of the measurement results.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1053-1060 [Abstract] ( 266 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (585 KB) ( 215 )

	1061	The Loop Antenna Calibration System Using the TEM Method and the Uncertainty Estimation for the Measurement Results
		LIU Xiao,WU Yan-li,QIN Yao,MENG Dong-Lin,HUANG Pan
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.13
		The transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell method is widely used in the loop antenna calibrations. The system dynamic range requirement for the active loop and the passive loop are different due to the magnetic antenna factor difference. Two new loop antenna calibration systems based on the TEM cell as the standard field generator have been proposed considering the magnetic field antenna factor difference for active and passive loop respectively, which enable the sweep-frequency measurement. The calibration methods are discussed,the measured magnetic field antenna factors are presented, and the uncertainties are evaluated for the active loop and the passive loop of no more than 60cm diameter which is normally used in the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) field, respectively. The sweep-frequency measurements covering from 9kHz to 30MHz for the commonly used loop antennas can solve the problem due to the big dynamic range, and also enhance the calibration efficiency.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1061-1067 [Abstract] ( 334 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1187 KB) ( 366 )

	1068	A Many-objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Knee Point and Region Division
		YANG Jing-ming,HAO Jia-jia,SUN Hao,WEI Zhi-hui,LI Xia-xia
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.14
		A many-objective evolutionary algorithm KnSP is proposed based on knee point and region division to solve the problem that is difficult to maintain convergence and distribution. The algorithm selects the knee points as the center point of the first region division and adaptively generates a corresponding neighborhood.Then the angle is used to divide the second area, and the distance of the point to the hyperplane is used as the criterion for individual selection.Finally, from the perspective of the candidate solutions and the other individuals, individuals are added or deleted to ensure the population size.Experimental result shows that the algorithm performs better in some test functions than compared algorithms.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1068-1075 [Abstract] ( 293 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1552 KB) ( 244 )

	1076	Experimental Study on On-line Measurement of SO₃ by Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy
		ZHENG Hai-ming,ZHU Xiao-peng,WANG Jin-xiu,JIA Gui-hong
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.15
		The on-line measurement of SO₃ is studied based on ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, and SO3 gas generation system is built. In order to improve the detection accuracy, various interference factors in the measurement process are removed. The characteristic absorption bands of SO₃ and SO₂ overlap seriously, and the influence of SO₂ on SO₃ measurement can be removed to the greatest extent through reasonable selection of characteristic absorption bands and spectral inversion strategy. In the study, the standard curve method combined with single wavelength method, dual wavelength method and integral spectrum method is used to establish the standard curve. The results show that the measurement error of the integrated spectrum method is the smallest, and it can be preferentially applied to the on-line spectrometric analysis of SO₃ emission.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1076-1080 [Abstract] ( 258 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1095 KB) ( 326 )

	1081	Study on Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Data Processing Based on Discrete Spectrum Correction
		JIA Gui-hong,ZHANG Jian-jun,ZHENG Hai-ming
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.16
		The Fourier transform filtering method is used to filter out the noise in the differential optical absorption spectrum (DOAS) data. Due to the limitation of frequency resolution, the amplitude error is large, which affects the detection accuracy of gas. A method that discrete spectrum correction differential optical absorption spectrum data method is proposed, which uses the barycenter of the spectral line in the main lobe of the discrete spectrum to find the coordinate of the peak, and compensates the amplitude error to improve the measurement accuracy of gas. Many groups of SO2 gases with different concentrations are measured. The results show that the inversion error of the spectrum correction method is less than 5%, and compared with the traditional least square method and the Fourier transform filtering method, the error is reduced by 0.36% and 0.88% respectively. When the spectral lines are shifted by 2 sampling intervals 0.28nm, the average error of the traditional least square method is 31.8%, and the maximum error of the spectrum correction method is 3.8%. The latter is obviously superior to the former.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1081-1086 [Abstract] ( 244 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2020 KB) ( 238 )

	1087	Summary of Factors Influencing the Performance of Low-cost Light Scattering Particle Sensors
		WU Dan,ZHANG Guo-cheng,ZHAO Xiao-ning
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.17
		Due to the small size, low requirements for electric drive and real-time monitoring performance, low-cost particulate matter sensors greatly reduce the cost of environmental air grid monitoring, which has a huge application prospect. Although the cost is reduced, the output of the particle sensor is affected by many factors. Many previous studies investigated the influence of particle properties, environmental conditions on the performance of particle sensors, as well as the output quality of particle sensors in long-term operation. At present, lack of relevant standards about the quality, detection parameters and methods of low-cost particle sensors resulting in the problem on comparability and uniformity. To promote the quality and provide a scientific measuring system of low-cost particle sensors, the factors influencing the performance of low-cost particle sensors in previous studies were reviewed.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1087-1093 [Abstract] ( 216 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (862 KB) ( 668 )

	1094	Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty in the Determination of Psoralen, Lsopsoralen, Neobavaisoflavone and Bavachin in Cosmetics
		FAN Fei,HUANG Jiong-li,AN Qing,CUI Ying,ZHU Qing
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.18
		Uncertainties from the determination procedure of neobavaisoflavone, bavachin, psoralen and lsopsoralen in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were assessed. The mathematical model was established, and each source and uncertainty component were analyzed. The standard uncertainty and expanded uncertainty were reported at last. The results showed that the expanded uncertainties were 1.65μg/g, 1.82μg/g, 1.66μg/g and 1.61μg/g (95% confidence level, k=2), when the content of neobavaisoflavone, bavachin, psoralen and lsopsoralen in cosmetics were 42.61μg/g, 44.04μg/g, 42.94μg/g and 41.90μg/g. The main sources for the uncertainty were discussed, and suggestions for improvement were also introduced.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1094-1100 [Abstract] ( 258 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (585 KB) ( 201 )

	1101	Uncertainty Evaluation in Determination of Acrylamide Residues in Cosmetics by UPLC-MS/MS
		CAO Hai-rong,XUE Xiao-kang,LI Xiao-yu
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.19
		The content of acrylamide in cosmetics was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC MS / MS), and the uncertainty was evaluated. According to JJF 1059.1—2012 “Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement”, a metrological model for determination of acrylamide residues in cosmetics was established. And each component of uncertainty in the whole measuring process was analyzed and quantified. The combined uncertainty in the determination of acrylamide in cosmetics was 0.033mg/kg and the expanded uncertainty was 0.066mg/kg. The content of acrylamide in cosmetics was (0.502±0.066)mg/kg (k=2, confidence interval P=95%). The uncertainty of the method was mainly caused by standard solution preparation and calibration fitting.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1101-1109 [Abstract] ( 254 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (701 KB) ( 343 )

	1110	Study on a Calibration Method of Ozone Concentration in Ozone Aging Chambers
		ZHANG Ai-liang,LIU Yue,CHEN Qi-yue
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.20
		A calibration method of ozone concentration in ozone aging test chamber was proposed, and the uncertainty of indication error of ozone concentration was evaluated. It was verified by experiments that the indication error of ozone concentration in the calibrated ozone aging chamber was less than ±10%, the position deviation of ozone concentration was less than 20%, and the fluctuation of ozone concentration was less than ±10%. It effectively solved the problem of traceability of ozone concentration in the ozone aging chamber, and improved the accuracy of the equipment test.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1110-1114 [Abstract] ( 245 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (606 KB) ( 217 )

	1115	Evaluation of Detection Limit and Uncertainty of Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Diesel Fuels by Infrared Spectrometric Method
		GUO Shi-gang,LING Feng-xiang,GAO Xu-feng
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.08.21
		Infrared spectroscopy is widely used in the determination of fatty acid methyl ester content in diesel oil, and the detection ability and accuracy of this method have been studied. The limits of detection and quantification of fatty acid methyl ester in diesel oil by infrared spectroscopy were 0.0066g/L and 0.0220g/L, respectively, and the recoveries were 99.2%~101.3%. By evaluating detection limit, the method had good accuracy, could accurately and sensitively detect fatty acid methyl ester in diesel. The combined related standard uncertainty of determination of fatty acid methyl esters in diesel fuels by infrared spectrometric method was 0.0123, and the measurement result of fatty acid methyl esters was (3.960±0.097)g/L, under the condition that the fiducial probability was 95% and the coverage factor k was 2. The results showed that the sources of uncertainty were mainly derived from standard weighing and sample volume.
		2021 Vol. 42 (8): 1115-1120 [Abstract] ( 239 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (957 KB) ( 403 )

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