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2021 Vol. 42, No. 4
Published: 2021-04-28
 
401 A Transformer Voltage Series Method Based on Three-Port Network
ZHOU Feng, LEI Min, Wang Le-ren, YIN Xiao-dong, LIU Hao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.01
In 1954 Zinn E and Forger K researched series-parallel voltage summation circuit by employing voltage transformers successfully. In 1988 the National High Voltage Metering Station studied the bilateral series voltage summation circuit successfully. In 2006 the National High Voltage Metering Station employed series type voltage transformer for bilateral voltage summation. In 2008 the test voltage reached 1000/3kV and the uncertainty of voltage ratios was not more than 4×10-5(P=95%). In order to reduce the uncertainty of voltage ratio, it is necessary to eliminate the shielding error and proximity interference of the series type voltage transformer. In addition to design a series type voltage transformer with more perfect shielding structure for electromagnetic interference, the theory of three-port network could also be used to implement voltage summation. Following a certain test procedure the shielding error and proximity interference in the summation operation would be largely compensated by the response superposition of the three-port network. In 2013, the 500kV power frequency voltage proportional self calibration system of Guangdong Electric Power Research Institute was used for verification test. Compared with the data in 1988, the shielding error at 110/3kVdecreased from 18×10-6 to 1.5×10-6, and compared with the data in 2006 the uncertainty of ratio error at 500/3kV decreased from 15×10-6 to 7×10-6(P=95%).
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 401-408 [Abstract] ( 283 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1123 KB)  ( 222 )
409 Nonlinear Mechanism and Calibration Technology ofFiber-Optic DC High Current Sensor
LI Qi,LI Chuan-sheng,LIANG Bo,CAI Jin-hui,SHAO Hai-ming,MEI Guo-jian
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.02
Nonlinear error is one of the main error sources for the ultra-large current measurement of the interferometric-type digital closed-loop fiber-optic current sensor (FOCS). Based on the Jones matrix method, the theoretical relationship between the sensor output and the current to be measured is derived under the condition of the imperfect fiber quarter-wave retarder. It is determined that the azimuth mismatch and phase retardation error of the quarter-wave retarder are both the main causes of the measurement non-linearity for the FOCS. The simulation results show that if the azimuth mismatch and the phase retardation error are kept within ±4.53° and ±9.05°, respectively, the measurement error of the sensor will be less than 0.2% for the current to be measured from 5 kA to 300 kA. The calibration device for the FOCS is built, and the error compensation method based on the linear interpolation is proposed to calibrate the nonlinear error of the FOCS. The test results show that the measurement error of the sensor can be reduced from 0.6% to be within 0.1% by using the mentioned error compensation method, which proves the nonlinear error compensation method is effective.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 409-414 [Abstract] ( 335 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1027 KB)  ( 670 )
415 Lion Swarm Optimization Based on Chaotic Search Strategy and Application in Parameters Identification of Photovoltaic Cell Models
WU Zhong-qiang,XIE Zong-kui,LIU Chong-yang,WANG Guo-yong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.03
Up to now, many intelligent algorithms have been used in parameter identification of photovoltaic cell model, but most of them are prone to local optimum and the convergence speed is slow. Lion swarm optimization is a novel intelligent algorithm proposed in recent years, and it also has the problems mentioned above. An improved lion swarm algorithm based on chaotic search strategy (CLSO) was proposed. By introducing chaotic sequence, adaptive parameter and tent chaotic search strategy, the deficiency of the lion swarm optimization was remedied. Firstly,the algorithm was applied to the parameter identification of single-diode model and double-diode model of photovoltaic cells, compared with the results of other five algorithms, which proved the effectiveness and superiority of this algorithm in the parameter identification of photovoltaic cells. Besides, experiments were carried out under different irradiance and different weather types, exploring the influence with changing external environment on model parameters, which further verify the effectiveness and practicability of the algorithm.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 415-423 [Abstract] ( 253 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2735 KB)  ( 392 )
424 Application in Power Quality Analysis Based on Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis and Improved Decision Tree
ZHANG Shu-qing,ZHANG Yun,LIU Hai-tao,HU Hao,LI Hua,YAO Yu-yong,LIU Yong,WANG Tao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.04
Six common power quality signals are analyzed by multi-fractal and trend fluctuation analysis, which proves that the power quality signal has multiple fractal features. Based on this, a power quality feature extraction method based on multi-fractal detrended wave analysis is proposed. Multi-fractal spectrum parameters (hqmax、αmin、α0) and signal energy E are selected as feature vector matrix, combined with improved decision tree classification for power quality. Analysis and identification. The method is compared with DTCWT, HHT and EEMD. The results show that the proposed method shows better recognition results and provides a new idea for feature extraction of power quality signals.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 424-431 [Abstract] ( 254 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3180 KB)  ( 300 )
432 Research on the Position Sensor Precision Effect for Pulsating Torque Suppression of Permanent Magnet Brush-less DC Motor
ZHU Gao-lin,XIAO Yao-jian,ZHAO Hao,FENG Hao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.05
When the peak-to-valley complementary method is used to suppress the ripple torque of the permanent magnet brushless DC motor, the symmetry and sinusoidal of the two motor ripple torque waveforms are closely related to the suppression effect, and the accuracy of the position sensor directly affects the motor ripple torque. Waveform characteristics. Based on this, the phase difference, duty cycle and response speed of the output signals of the two position sensors during motor operation were measured and analyzed. Then the experimental platform was built to determine the symmetry and sinusoidality of the pulsating torque of the motor under two position sensor conditions. Finally, the suppression effect of the motor ripple torque during the operation of the two position sensors is compared. The results show that the suppression effect of the motor ripple torque is about 30% when the grating position sensor is running.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 432-437 [Abstract] ( 257 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3863 KB)  ( 348 )
438 Nano-particle Size Measurement by Multi-angle Dynamic Light Scattering Based on FPGA High-speed Signal Acquisition
ZHANG Ze-rui,HUANG Lu,GAO Si-tian,CAI Jin-hui,SUN Miao,CUI Zhen
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.06
According to the principle of measuring nano-particle size by dynamic light scattering device, an apparatus of nano-particle size measurement system based on field programmable gate array(FPGA)is developed.Scattering light signalsare transferring in to level signal through photomultiplier tubes(PMT),and an FPGA is developed to realize high-speed pulse collection and autocorrelation function calculation.Double pulse counting is used to achieve high-precision and controllable continuous signal counting.DDR3 is used to achieve asynchronous storage, and then connected with PC ends by using USB communication interaction functions.The home-designed FPGA card can both calculate autocorrelation function inside as well as achieve mass original data storage.200nm polystyrene particles is measured and the effects of different sampling time and delay time parameters on the particle size measurement results are analyzed.Experimental results show that the self-developed FPGA acquisition board measurement repeatability is 1.2%, can achieve accurate signal acquisition and has excellent stability and repeatability.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 438-444 [Abstract] ( 274 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3629 KB)  ( 592 )
445 Path Planning and Formation Research of Micro Mobile Robots
LI Jiang-hao,YAN Ya-nan,PENG Dan
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.07
Aiming at the problem that micro-robot formation and path optimization tasks. A combination of path planning and trajectory tracking is proposed, and finally the formation task is realized. Firstly, an improved algorithm based on traditional ant colony algorithm is proposed. By improving parameters and the initial pheromone matrix of traditional ant colony algorithm, the simulation results show that the improved algorithm improves the convergence speed by 50% and the global optimization ability by 30%. Secondly, the tracking controller based on Lyapunov algorithm is designed. Through simulation, the error eventually reaches 0 and the stability of the controller is verified. Finally, combined with Lyapunov controller and path optimization algorithm, the stable formation of multi-robot on the optimal path is completed.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 445-450 [Abstract] ( 299 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (885 KB)  ( 306 )
451 Visual On-line Measurement Algorithm for Thickness Dimension of Nylon Zipper under Vibration Condition
HONG Tao,CHENG Cheng
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.08
Aiming at the vibration has a great influence on the measurement results during visual on-line measurement of nylon zippers thickness dimension, through analyzed of the zipper vibration mechanism, the motion equation of the transverse vibration model of zipper under vibration condition was established and its definite solution was obtained. Then combined with the principle of LK optical flow method, the global vibration information of zipper at a certain moment was obtained. On this basis, an visual on-line measurement algorithm for thickness dimension of nylon zipper under vibration condition was proposed. Firstly, the coordinates of the measured zipper edge point in the image to be compensated were extracted. Secondly, the coordinates of edge points were modified according to the motion compensation algorithm. Then the coordinates of edge points were fitted into parallel lines by least square method and the spacing of the parallel lines was calculated. Finally, the spacing was converted to the actual thickness dimension of the zipper according to the pixel equivalent. The experimental results show that the uncertainty of the measurement results of this algorithm is 0.00051mm, which is far better than the measurement results of the vision measurement method without motion compensation,which can effectively suppress the impact of zipper vibration on the measurement results.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 451-457 [Abstract] ( 264 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1283 KB)  ( 208 )
458 Development of Miniature Double Temperature Fixed Point Cell
ZENG Jia-xu,PAN Jiang,SUN Jian-ping,YANG Yue,ZHU Tian-meng,WANG Cheng-ke
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.09
Applying the fixed point transfer technology to on-site temperature calibration has become an important way to improve the industrial temperature measurement level. A miniature dual temperature fixed point for field calibration was developed. The fixed point adopted a porous graphite crucible and a semi-enclosed structure filled with two metals, indium and tin. Experimental results showed, at indium point, the temperature plateau curve lasted about 2 hours, and at tin point, the temperature plateau curve lasted about 3 hours. The extended uncertainty reproduced in temperature plateau curve of In was 4.0mK (k=2), and Sn was 4.4mK (k=2). Therefore, the miniature double temperature fixed point device could meet the calibration requirements of precision platinum resistance thermometers in industrial field.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 458-462 [Abstract] ( 277 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1605 KB)  ( 147 )
463 Virtual Sampling of Fired Coal in Power Plant and Evaluation of Uncertainty of Mean Calorific Value
LIU Fu-guo,GUO Qin-guang,YIN Bing-yi,WANG Shou-en
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.10
The calorific value of coal fired in power plant has not been continuously measured in extensive pattern. In generator set efficiency measurement, the laboratory test results of a small amount of coal sample are used to express the calorific value of all coal fired during the measurement period, which brings about greater uncertainty in measurement. The uncertainty of mean calorific value of coal samples was studied. When the calorific sample belonged to normal distribution, or the number of samples for average value was more than 30, the uncertainty of mean calorific value could be evaluated by traditional methods according to the central limit theorem. When the calorific sample was in non-normal distribution, and the number of samples for average value was less than 30, random samples of calorific value could be produced by sampling inspection with screening, thereafter, the extended uncertainty under non-normal distribution was computed by virtual samples. The practical application showed that the method presented was reasonable and could meet the needs of uncertainty analysis in efficiency measurement of generating units.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 463-468 [Abstract] ( 233 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1568 KB)  ( 530 )
469 Research on Measurement Method of Particle Size Based on Image Light Scattering
QU Pei-yu,JIANG Yu,SU Ming-xu,CAI Xiao-shu
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.11
An image-based light scattering method was investigated for particle size characterization, in which a novel technique of detector ring center determination was proposed using the least-square algorithm combined with image processing technology. The design of the size parameters of CCD sensor and the number of particle size bin were employed. The differential evolution algorithm of dependent mode was also developed for the inversion of particle size distribution. Afterwards, with the established experimental apparatus for image acquisition of scattered light by particles, eight types of polystyrene latex particles were successively tested the accuracy verification, which yielded measurement errors less than 3% after a comparison with the known nominal sizes. What′s more, experiments on two kinds of soy protein emulsion with different oil volume fractions were conducted, and a deviation within 5% from the image analyzer was depicted accordingly. It manifests that the scattered light flux extracted by the least-square centering technology can provide a great consistence with the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, the proposed CCD sensor with ring of 35 rings is quite helpful in leading to a relatively stable sensitivity matrix of light flux. The proposed method presents an effective way to improve the light scattering method for particle size measurement.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 469-475 [Abstract] ( 256 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3162 KB)  ( 635 )
476 ECT Image Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Depth Belief Network
MA Min,SUN Ying,FAN Guang-yong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.12
In order to improve the quality of image reconstruction, in view of the complexity and variety of capacitance data in electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) and the nonlinear relationship between capacitance data and dielectric constant, a deep belief network (DBN) was proposed.The reconstruction algorithm of DBN used the deep nonlinear network structure of DBN to realize the nonlinear relationship between the capacitance value and the gray value of the reconstructed image.The DBN was improved and the adaptive step size (AS) was introduced into the contrastive divergence (CD) algorithm to solve the problem of finding the global optimum with fixed step size and to improve the image quality.In the fine-tuning stage, quasi-Newton method was used to accelerate the convergence speed and reduce the training time.The simulation experiment was carried out on COMSOL 5.3 software, and the image was reconstructed by MATLAB 2014a.The experimental results showed that: DBN can effectively reconstruct the image, and is better than the traditional algorithm; the improved DBN training time is shortened by 5.51s, the image error is as low as 0.0094, and the correlation coefficient is as high as 0.9973, which is a new method and means to study ECT image reconstruction.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 476-482 [Abstract] ( 240 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2580 KB)  ( 417 )
483 Research on Key Technology of Coriolis Mass Flowmeter for Measuring Flow Rate of Gas Containing Liquid
XU Hao-ran,XU Ke-jun,ZHANG Lun,LIU Wen,YUE Jing,HUANG Ya,LIU Chen-ci
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.13
Flow measurement of gas-containing liquids is a measurement problem faced by Coriolis mass flowmeters. Higher requirements are imposed on the drive technology and signal processing technology of Coriolis mass flowmeters. To this end, from the three core technologies of driving, signal processing and error correction, the Coriolis mass flowmeter is used to measure the flow of gas-containing liquids, and the difficulties of driving, signal processing and error correction techniques under the flow of gas-containing liquids are analyzed. The best driving technology, signal processing technology and error correction technology for gas-containing liquid flow are summarized for the difficulties. Analysis of the gas-containing liquid flow rate The reason for the large original measurement error of the Coriolis mass flowmeter and the measurement accuracy corrected by the correction method still cannot achieve the single-phase flow measurement accuracy of 0.1. In order to improve the accuracy of the Coriolis mass flowmeter to measure the flow rate of gas-containing liquids.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 483-494 [Abstract] ( 294 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1974 KB)  ( 555 )
495 Three Dimensional Force Sensor for Biomechanical Measurement Based on Capacitance Principle
YANG Shu-yan,SUN Dong-jie,LI Dan-ruo,SONG Ai-guo
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.14
To realize biomechanical measurement, a capacitive three dimensional force sensor was developed with low temperature drift and low power consumption. A novel structure of the elastomer was designed, and the polyurethane foam was used as the medium. The sensor can perceive the force components of three dimensions and convert them into capacitance changes of three channels simultaneously. After finite element simulation used ANSYS, the size of the sensor was determined, and the measuring range of each dimension reached ±200N with safety overload more than 150%. A measurement system composed of capacitor acquisition module and signal processing module was designed. The integration design made the calculation and output of measurement data real-time. In addition, to decrease the impact of the hysteresis effect and the inter-dimensional coupling, the hysteresis compensating and decoupling model was established. The experiment results show that the Class I Error is below 2.8% while the Class II Error is below 4.6%.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 495-502 [Abstract] ( 330 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2224 KB)  ( 655 )
503 A Novel Demodulation Method Based on Partial Period Curve-fitting for FM Signal in Impulse Acceleration Calibration by Using Laser Interference Methods
LIANG Zhi-guo
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.15
Aiming at the FM signal demodulation in impulse acceleration by using laser interference methods, a novel demodulation method are introduced. It is based on the partial sinusoidal period series curve-fitting, by using about 1/5 period sine wave models moving and curve-fitting, the 4 sine wave parameters are gotten, and the FM demodulation be realized. To the impulse laser interference Doppler signals, it has an excellent adaptability, there is no need curve cutting operation, filtering, and so on, the demodulation resolution is one sampling period, and it has well stability. In experiment, the validity and feasibility are proved, and it must be a novel processing method of impulse acceleration signals by using laser interference methods. The method above can also be used in demodulation of vibration wave form of laser interference Doppler signals.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 503-510 [Abstract] ( 247 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3076 KB)  ( 233 )
511 Design of Fixed Focus System for Laser Velocimeter
Lü Dan,LIN Jun,ZHOU Jian
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.16
To meet the speed measurement needs of laser velocimeter in meter level distance, a fixed focus system for laser velocimeter was designed. First, the spot radius at different positions from laser exit were measured by beam profiler, then the waist radius and position of laser beam were got by the function fitting method. The telescope system is used as the basic structure of the fixed focus system, the parameters of fixed focus system were exhausted by MATLAB software, and all the satisfied parameters were recorded. According to the actual conditions, a set of data was chosen to apply to laser velocimeter, the laser spot radius is less than 0.6mm at 4.5m and 5.5m, which matched the expectations.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 511-514 [Abstract] ( 207 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (667 KB)  ( 215 )
515 Institute of Electrical Engineering, YanShan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
ZHANG Li-guo,CHENG Yao,JIN Mei,WANG Na
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.17
Semantic segmentation of indoor scenes has always been an important direction in the field of deep learning semantic segmentation. The main problems of indoor scene segmentation are many semantic categories, many object classes will block each other, and some classes have high similarity. Aiming at these problems, Proposed a method for semantic segmentation of indoor scenes which is based on the BiSeNet (bilateral segmentation network), this method introduces a hollow pyramid pooling layer and a multi-scale feature fusion module. The features are fused to obtain enhanced content features, which improves the models performance for semantic segmentation of indoor scenes. The MIoU performance of this method on the indoor scene dataset in ADE20K increased by 23.5% compared toSegNet and 3.5% compared to before model.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 515-520 [Abstract] ( 298 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2399 KB)  ( 612 )
521 Measurement and Research for the Filtered X-ray Radiation Quality of Low Air Kerma Rate Series
WANG Peng,XING Li-teng,JIANG Wei
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.18
The filtered X-ray reference radiation of low air kerma rate series recommended by ISO 4037 was selected as the research object, the reasonable half-value layer measurement experiment was designed,the values of the first half-value layers were obtained. For the established radiation quality, the filtered X-ray energy spectrum was measured by CdZnTe spectrometer, then the measured pulse height spectrum was processed and converted to calculate the average energy. According to the attenuation law of X-ray in the material aluminum and copper, a single-energy X-ray attenuation curve was fitted to calculate the effective energy of the series of the filtered X-rays. The measured and calculated results were compared with the recommended values, and both are in good agreement. Compared with the half value layer of ISO, the deviations are less than 5.0%.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 521-525 [Abstract] ( 277 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (783 KB)  ( 455 )
526 Research on Accurate Measurement of Low Concentration Nitric Oxide in High Temperature Water-containing Flue Gas Based on FTIR Spectrometer
Lü Hong-zhen,MA Ruo-meng,ZHANG Liang,LIN Hong,FENG Xiao-juan,FANG Li-de,ZHANG Jin-tao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.19
With the deepening of national ultra-low emission policy, higher requirements are put forward for accurate measurement of pollutant concentration in the flue gas. Based on Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrometer, an accurate measurement system for nitric oxide (NO) gas under high temperature and water content was established. The absorption spectra of 5%～20% water vapor and 5～40μmol/mol NO were measured before and after mixing at 191℃. The NO concentration was accurately determined by correcting the absorbance of H2O in the mixture, and system measurement uncertainty was evaluated. The results show that the relative deviation between the measurement result of NO in high temperature water-containing and the standard gas value is less than 1.8%, and the relative expanded uncertainty of the measurement is 2.78% (k=2). The system has good measurement accuracy and stability. It is of great significance to the implementation of the national ultra-low emission policy and the collection of environmental taxes.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 526-531 [Abstract] ( 322 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2334 KB)  ( 693 )
532 The Influence of Air Inlet Flow Rate on the Capture Efficiency of PM2.5 Cutter
LIU Jia-qi,ZHANG Guo-cheng,ZHAO Xiao-ning,WU Dan,JING Wen-jie
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.20
Generally, the commercial cutters have a fixed working flow rate range, if the actual gas flow rate into the cutter is not in this fixed range, deviation of the capture efficiency might be occurred. In this study, by using the cutter capture efficiency evaluation system based on static box method, the capture efficiency for two domestic and imported PM2.5 cutters were evaluated. The influences of the standard working flow of the cutter and the flow of 70%, 80%, 120% and 130% on the trapping efficiency of the PM2.5 cutter were studied. The results showed that with the change of inlet flow rate, the change trend of Da50 is opposite. The distribution range of Da50 is 140% to 80% of the value under standard operating flow. The geometrical standard deviations of the penetrating curve staynearly unchanged, while the change is not more than 0.9% compared with the value under standard operating flow. This study has scientific value for further regulating the manufacture and the usage of cutter.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 532-536 [Abstract] ( 315 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1343 KB)  ( 268 )
537 Detection of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Based on CT Image with Convolutional Neural Network Processing
GUO Bao-su,ZHUANG Ji-chao,WU Feng-he,CHE Xiao-shuang,YUAN Lin-dong,QI Jun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2021.04.21
To improve the ability to distinguish novel coronavirus pneumonia from common pneumonia and assist medical staff in chest CT examination of pneumonia patients, a detection method using convolution neural network and CT image based on artificial intelligence image analysis was proposed. First, a convolution neural network model was built, and the influence of model depth on detection results was evaluated to select the best network structure. Second, a tabu genetic algorithm was proposed to obtain the optimal hyper-parameter combination of the network model and to enhance the performance of the model. Finally, the best network model was employed to distinguish novel coronavirus pneumonia from common pneumonia. Experimental results show that the accuracy, MCC, and F1Score of the proposed detection algorithm are 93.89%, 93.32% and 91.40%, respectively, which has higher detection accuracy than other algorithms.
2021 Vol. 42 (4): 537-544 [Abstract] ( 279 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3419 KB)  ( 598 )
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