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2020 Vol. 41, No. 12
Published: 2020-12-28
 
1449 Error Compensation Method for Workpiece Size Measurement System Based on Line Laser Sensor
ZHANG Xu,CHEN Ai-jun,SHEN Xiao-yan,ZHANG Han-wen,LI Dong-sheng,LIU Yuan
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.01
An error compensation method based on line laser sensor is proposed for workpiece size measurement. In the method, coordinate system projection and image processing technology is used. The sensor coordinate system OM-XMYMZM and the equipment coordinate system O-XYZ are set, and the errors of the coordinate angles φ,δ,γ on the workpiece size coordinate values X,Y,Z are analyzed, and the φ,δ,γ are established based on error compensation model for projection angles α,β,θ on the XOY,YOZ,XOZ planes. The image processing techniques are used to measure α,β,θ, and the error-compensated workpiece size coordinate values X′,Y′,Z′ are calculated. The measurement experiment is carried out on 100mm×100mm×10mm workpieces, and the length, width, center distance, circle diameter, round line spacing and step height are measured. The measurement results show that the error of workpiece size measurement after error compensation is within 40μm. which is better than the 520μm before uncompensated; root mean square error is less than 40μm, better than 580μm before uncompensated. Among them, the center distance error compensation effect is the most significant, the measurement error is improved by 560μm; the round diameter error compensation effect is the least obvious, and the measurement error is only increased by 10μm.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1449-1455 [Abstract] ( 338 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1439 KB)  ( 640 )
1456 Study and Preparation of Gold Modified Tungsten Tip for Tip-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
DU Bo-lin,GAO Si-tian,HUANG Lu,SHI Yu-shu,QU Xing-hua
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.02
A gold modified tungsten tip for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(TERS) is proposed and the preparation method is studied. An inner arc-shaped tip was designed through finite element analysis,and then modified with a gold nano-particles layer after a silicon dioxide bonding layer was deposited. The tungsten tips were prepared by adjusting the concentration of solution, motor displacement and immersion depth of the electrochemical corrosion probe device developed by the laboratory independently. Based on the design, an inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition(ICP-CVD) technology was employed to deposit the SiO2 coating, and the electron beam physical vapor deposition(EB-PVD) to prepare the gold nanoparticles layer. Finally, the preparation of the tip is completed, and the radius of the tip after double coating is 30~80nm,which can be used for TERS research.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1456-1460 [Abstract] ( 245 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1291 KB)  ( 557 )
1461 Accuracy Improvement of Serial Robot Based on Geometric Parameters Calibration
ZHAO Yi-bing,WEN Xiu-lan, QIAO Gui-fang, L Zhong-yan,SONG Ai-guo, KANG Chuan-shuai
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.03
In order to enhance the absolute positioning accuracy of the robot, a calibration method based on zero reference model (ZRM) is proposed. ZRM including direction and connection vectors is founded. According to the features of ZRM, improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is used to search the solution of the direction and position components of zero position vector. The objective function computation methods and the detailed steps of calibrating geometric parameters of ZRM based on IGA are given. Finally, by carrying out the simulation and real measurement research for ER10L-C10 industrial robot, the results show that the geometric parameters of ZRM can be quickly calibrated by IGA. When the calibration point is set at about 50, the accuracy improvement of the test points after calibration has good generalization ability and in the whole workspace the positioning accuracy of the ER10L-C10 end-effector is improved about 90%.This method is suitable to be applied in serial robot calibration with high positioning accuracy requirements.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1461-1467 [Abstract] ( 325 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1600 KB)  ( 324 )
1468 Research on Video Measurement of Dry Beach Length of Tailings Pond Based on Mask R-CNN Algorithm
YANG Jun,SUN Ye-qing,SHENTU Nan-ying,LI Qing
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.04
The length of dry beach is an important parameter for the safety and stability of the whole tailings dam. In order to accurately measure the length of dry beach in real time, an efficient, intelligent and accurate online monitoring method based on Mask R-CNN algorithm(instance segmentation algorithm) was proposed. The method is divided into four parts: (1) Installing monitoring cameras on both sides of the tailings dam; (2) Training a network model to recognize the water line and output the coordinates of the water line based on the Mask R-CNN algorithm; (3) Regression analysis was carried out between the contour coordinates of water line and the actual length of dry beach, and the relationship formula of measurement algorithm was fitted; (4) The length of dry beach can be measured in real time by inputting the coordinates of water line into the above formula. The results show that the model can accurately measure the length of dry beach, and is suitable for the conditions of insufficient light, blurred images, rain and snow.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1468-1474 [Abstract] ( 285 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1966 KB)  ( 532 )
1475 Research on Key Techniques of Moving Target Detection and Recognition Based on Image Sequence
XUE Zhen,YU Lian-zhi,HU Chan-juan
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.05
To improve the recognition of moving target detection, the pros and cons of various moving target detection algorithms were analyzed, the global adaptive frame difference method and the codebook model based background subtraction method was proposed to detect moving targets simultaneously for the same target.The method used the masks of moving target and then analyzed them by rectangles, so that the pictures in the rectangle can be extracted out.Next, adjust the rectangle and extract the HOG features of the image, classify through trained SVM.In the training process, the bootstrap method is applied to optimize the trainer for difficult situations.Experiments show that compared with the traditional HOG+SVM multiscale detection algorithm, this method can increase the speed and accuracy by about 20%, and it can be used as a reference method for moving target detection and recognition.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1475-1481 [Abstract] ( 309 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2257 KB)  ( 1072 )
1482 Apparatus for the Performance Evaluation of Super Long Stem Platinum Resistance Thermometer in Nuclear Power Plant
ZENG Jia-xu,PAN Jiang,LEI Zhen-zhen,ZHAO Wen-juan,ZHAO Xiao-dong,SUN Jian-ping
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.06
Usually, the length of the platinum resistance thermometer for nuclear power plants is longer than 3meters, even the sensing element length of some thermometers is nearly 3meters. For this reason, the performance evaluation cannot be carried out with the common experimental systems. A special experimental system for these super long stem platinum resistance thermometers for nuclear power plants was designed. The performance of the experimental system was experimentally studied. The temperature stability of the experimental system is better than ±0.015℃. The horizontal and vertical temperature uniformity of the system are better than 0.05℃ and 0.02℃, respectively. The measurement uncertainty of the experimental system is 0.016℃, and the expanded uncertainty is 0.032℃, respectively. The results showed that the experimental system could be used to effectively evaluate the performance of the long stem platinum resistance thermometer.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1482-1487 [Abstract] ( 262 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (928 KB)  ( 235 )
1488 Two-phase Flow Regime and its Parameter Prediction Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Extreme Learning Machine and Electrical Capacitance Tomography
ZHANG Li-feng,ZHU Yan-feng
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.07
Prediction method for two-phase flow regime and its parameter based on particle swarm optimization extreme learning machine (PSO-ELM) and electrical capacitance tomography is presented. Firstly, the weights of extreme learning machine are optimized using particle swarm optimization algorithm, and then particle swarm optimization extreme learning machine algorithm is adopted to identify four typical oil-gas flow regimes. Secondly, the parameters of the four flow regimes are predicted by particle swarm optimization extreme learning machine algorithm. Finally, simulation experiments are carried out and the results show that particle swarm optimization extreme learning machine algorithm needs less hidden layer nodes and has higher accuracy for flow regime identification compared with extreme learning machine algorithm. The correct identification rate is 100%, and the maximum relative error for the four flow regimes is 5.24%.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1488-1493 [Abstract] ( 267 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (842 KB)  ( 437 )
1494 Application of Primary Component Analysis and Multivariate Gaussian Bayesian Method on Intelligent Failure Diagnosis of Ultrasonic Flowmeter
ZHU Jian-xin,Lü Bao-lin,QIAO Song,WANG Yi-fang,CHEN Jia-hong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.08
The intelligent failure diagnosis method for equipment based on multivariate Gaussian Bayesian model was proposed. The method included data screening and structural analysis,data dimensionality reduction, model construction, verification and diagnostic results analysis. When using principal component analysis method for dimensionality reduction, it was shown that the selection of dimensionality reduction parameters has great influence on diagnosis result. The diagnostic effect varied with the property and quantity of samples. A publicly published ultrasonic flowmeter database was used to verified the method. By performing 280 and 550 failure diagnoses on two type of ultrasonic flowmeters (type B and type C) respectively, it was found that the correct failure recognition rate were up to 99.3% and 95.1%. Compared with the nearest neighbor KNN clustering analysis algorithm, this failure diagnosis method shows certain advantages.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1494-1499 [Abstract] ( 294 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (511 KB)  ( 581 )
1500 Research on Volume Determination Method of Double Weighing in Air
SU Yi,WANG Yang,XIONG Zhong-qi,HAN Yu
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.09
To study the linear change of mass difference and air density difference under two different air densities when comparing the test weight and reference weight, the least square method is used to fit the curve of mass difference and air density difference, and the double weighing in air volume determination method is proposed.Based on the mathematical model and the working principle of the measuring device, three main factors affecting the results are analyzed: the range of atmospheric pressure, the desorption of the weight surface and the mass comparator. Taking the 10g~1kg OIML stainless steel weight as an example, the volume determined by this method is compared with the result of the hydrostatic method, and the normalized error En is less than one.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1500-1504 [Abstract] ( 235 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (929 KB)  ( 288 )
1505 Density Measurement of Monocrystalline Silicon Based on Compression Heat Effect
ZHONG Jia-dong,SUN Bin,ZHAO Yu-xiao,MA Xin-yu,ZHANG Jing-yue,ZHANG Dian-long
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.10
In order to explore the influence of compression heat effect on the temperature of DSL-2329 liquid, the ratio of constant temperature compression coefficient to constant entropy compression coefficient of DSL-2329 liquid can be calculated by combining theoretical deduction with experimental results. The higher the ratio, the more sensitive the temperature of liquid to pressure. In a constant temperature liquid measuring environment of (+0.1mK), three specific suspension states of single crystal silicon sphere are realized by micro-adjustment of liquid temperature and pressure. The three states include the change of liquid density under constant temperature and constant entropy conditions respectively. The ratio of liquid isothermal compression coefficient to isentropic compression coefficient is calculated by using the pressure relationship between the three specific suspension states value. The experimental data show that the smaller the pressure change is, the closer the ratio of constant temperature compression coefficient to constant entropy compression coefficient is to the theoretical value of 0.72.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1505-1509 [Abstract] ( 223 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (535 KB)  ( 266 )
1510 Study on Measurement Method of Ground Adhesion Density of Fire Extinguishing Aircraft Launching Test
PENG Ran,WANG Chen-yu
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.11
Based on the diffusion characteristics of water body and the requirement of engineering test, a measuring method of quantitative ground adhesion characteristics of fire extinguishing aircraft was designed. This method mainly includes three aspects: test equipment for ground data acquisition, matrix layout and accuracy evaluation. Considering the limitation of engineering test cost, the CFD simulation results of aircraft water delivery were presented. The paper cup ground array method was used to collect the falling water quality, and the mathematical methods such as numerical simulation and linear interpolation were synthesized. To evaluate the accuracy of water delivery for large amphibious aircraft, an experimental matrix scheme and a specific method were presented. The validity of the measurement method was verified by comparing the results of the test data drawn with foreign specific models.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1510-1515 [Abstract] ( 215 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1483 KB)  ( 244 )
1516 Volume Measurement of Coal Volume on Belt Conveyor Based on Image Processing
HE Jie,WANG Gui-mei, LIU Jie-hui,YANG Li-jie
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.12
In order to realize the real-time measurement of coal volume on belt conveyor, a method of measuring coal volume on belt based on image processing technology is proposed. The coal image of belt conveyor is collected by online laser instrument and industrial camera. First, the image is preprocessed, including filtering, graying and binarization, and then the bone is reduced by image expansion. According to the baseline of no-load coal-free time and the laser line of real-time acquisition, the coal profile is formed by comparison, and the cross-sectional area of coal quantity on belt is calculated. According to the relationship between cross-sectional area and belt speed of belt conveyor, the volume of coal quantity on belt is measured. The maximum error is 4.2%, the minimum error is 0.9%, and the operation is stable.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1516-1520 [Abstract] ( 277 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (948 KB)  ( 639 )
1521 Research on Measurement Method of Electroacoustic Efficiency of Spherical Shell Transducer
LI Rong-ji,ZHAO Peng,WANG Yue-bing,ZHENG Hui-feng
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.13
Transducer’s electroacoustic efficiency is an important parameter for the prediction of therapeutic dose of highintensity focused ultrasound systems. Based on the planar scanning technique, the radiation force balance method and the self-reciprocity method, the output ultrasonic power of the spherical shell focused transducer was measured, and the transducers excitation electric power was also measured to obtain the transducers electroacoustic efficiency. Three methods are used to measure a spherical shell transducer operating at 1.1MHz. The related expandeduncertainty of the planar scanning technique is 14.21%, the related expanded uncertainty of the radiation force balance method is 5.82%, and the related expanded uncertainty of the self-reciprocity method is 15.30%. The deviation of the electroacoustic efficiency measured by the three methods is within 4%. Experiments show that the three methods have good consistency in measuring the electroacoustic efficiency of the spherical shell focusing transducer.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1521-1528 [Abstract] ( 261 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1360 KB)  ( 383 )
1529 Pulse-driven AC Josephson Voltage Standard with an Output Voltage of One Volt
ZHOU Kun-li, HAN Qi-na, ZHAO Jian-ting, LU Yun-feng, SHI Yang, YANG Yan, QU Ji-feng
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.14
The AC Josephson voltage standard synthesizes quantum voltages by driving Josephson junctions using a high-speed pulse pattern generator. In comparison with the Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard, its output waveform has no step transitions, clearer spectrum and wider bandwidth. The ACJVS contains a pulse pattern generator with eight bits, a microwave amplifier, DC blocks and a Josephson junction chip. A root-mean-square voltage of one volt was achieved by driving four sub-arrays with each containing 12810 Josephson junctions. In the system, each sub-array is compensated by a low frequency current source. In the end, three possible applications of the developed system including the quantum impedance bridge, quantum power source and quantum power meter were presented.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1529-1535 [Abstract] ( 387 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1401 KB)  ( 552 )
1536 Parameter Identification of Photovoltaic Cell Model Based on Improved Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm
WU Zhong-qiang,SHEN Dan-dan,SHANG Meng-yao,QI Song-qi
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.15
To overcome the shortcomings of grasshopper optimization algorithm, such as easily falling into local optimum and insufficient convergence accuracy, an improved grasshopper optimization algorithm (IGOA) is proposed. Combing grasshopper optimization algorithm with chaotic algorithm, chaotic initialization is carried out to improve the quality of initial population. Then the differential strategy of differential evolution algorithm is introduced to maintain the diversity of the population through the process of mutation, crossover and selection, and increase the possibility of the algorithm jumping out of the local optimum, so that the algorithm can search for better solutions. The method of particle swarm optimization is introduced in the part of position updating. To accelerate the convergence speed of the algorithm, the current particle optimum value is used as the target. IGOA is used to identify the parameters of polycrystalline silicon solar cells. Compared with other intelligent optimization algorithms, the effectiveness and superiority of IGOA are verified. The effectiveness of IGOA to identify parameters of solar cell under different illumination is also verified by experiments.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1536-1543 [Abstract] ( 275 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1222 KB)  ( 520 )
1544 A Calibration Method and Testing Device of Digital Clock
ZHANG Yu,CHEN Jing,LONG Bo,HUANG-XU Rui-han,WANG Ju-feng,HAN Feng,SHEN Li
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.16
To measure accurately offset of indication for digital clock and ensure traceability, a calibration method and testing device of digital clock are proposed and designed. The PIN silicon photodiode is used to detect the digital tube of digital clock, the multi-channel detection signal is amplified and compared with the threshold voltage to output TTL, and then the 1PPS is output through the 1PPS generation circuit, which is compared with the standard 1PPS. The experiment show that the delay of the testing device is 223.4ns (U=100.1ns, k=1).
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1544-1551 [Abstract] ( 232 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1762 KB)  ( 302 )
1552 Absolute Measurement and International Comparison of Absorbed Dose to Water for Accelerator Photon Beams by Water Calorimeter
WANG Kun,ZHANG Jian,WANG Zhi-peng,JIN Sun-jun,YANG Xiao-yuan,LIU Fu-bin
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.17
A water calorimeter was developed for conducting the absolute measurement of the absorbed dose to water of the photon beams from accelerator, followed by obtaining the international mutual recognition and establishing the primary standard for absorbed dose to water of the photo beams from accelerator and improving the dissemination for radiotherapy in China. The temperature drift of water phantom of the calorimeter was maintained at 0.5μ℃/s by the bath and Peltier cooling system. The resistance of thermistors caused by radiation was measured by Wheatstone AC bridge. After calibrating thermistors and the bridge separately,the absorbed dose to water of photon beams from accelerator was reproduced with the uncertainty of 0.30%. The key comparison on the absorbed dose to water of the photon beams from accelerator was performed between NIM and BIPM. By considering the result of NIM as against the reference quantity of BIPM, the ratio for the 6MV and 10MV photon beams is 0.9917 and 0.9949 respectively, which is within the acceptance of uncertainty.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1552-1558 [Abstract] ( 253 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1081 KB)  ( 247 )
1559 Laboratory Comparison of Radionuclide Detection in Associated Radioactive Ores
LI Duo-hong,WANG Tie-jian,PAN Yu-ting,GUO Dong-fa,HUANG Qiu-hong,YANG Li-fang,WU Zhao-hui
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.18
The state has issued a series of measures to regulate the radiation of associated radioactive ores. For this reason, the Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology organized the activity of “BRIUG IC-2018 Interlaboratory Comparison of Radionuclides and Heavy Metals in Associated Radioactive Mines”. Our laboratory actively participated in 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, 40K comparing activities and studied measuring parameters, sample loading conditions and so on. Satisfactory results were obtained in the comparison activities.It shows that our laboratory has strong detection ability, which lays a solid foundation for similar radionuclide detection work in the future. Finally, some suggestions for future work improvement are put forward.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1559-1564 [Abstract] ( 223 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1308 KB)  ( 300 )
1565 Investigation on the Line Intensity Measurement of the Second Overtone (3←0) Band of CO
PAN Jin-ming,LIN Hong,FENG Xiao-juan,HUAN Ke-wei,ZHANG Jin-tao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.19
CO molecule is an excellent tracer gas for monitoring air pollution. Accurate and fast measurement of gas concentration is required for real-time monitoring of CO molecule. Gas molecule concentration measurements can be obtained by measuring the absorption spectra and the linear intensity of the spectrum. The CO (3←0) universal spectrum band is a transition band with weak absorption. The absorption spectra of three R branch transition spectra of CO molecule are measured at a temperature of 293K and pressures of 13~93kPa by using a frequency-stable optical cavity ring-down device with 200μmol/mol CO mixture using dry air as buffer gas, and HTP (Hartmann-Tran profile) lines are used to obtain the linear intensity of these lines. The relative standard uncertainty for line intensity measurement is less than 1%, and compared with the international HITRAN, HITEMP and GEISA spectral databases, the relative deviation is less than 4%.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1565-1569 [Abstract] ( 254 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1179 KB)  ( 346 )
1570 Uncertainty Evaluation for Determination of Octocrilene Derivatives as Sunscreen Agent in Cosmetics by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
DI Zheng,JIA Bo-yang,ZHOU Li,WANG Ying,ZUO Xue,ZHANG Rong,WU Guo-qing
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.20
The uncertainty of content detection of Octocrilene derivatives as sunscreen agent in cosmetics capability test sample was analyzed and related factors affecting the quantitative detection of sunscreen agent were analyzed. According to the high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of 15 sunscreen agents in Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition), in accordance with JJF 1135-2005 Evaluation of Uncertainty in Chemical Analysis Measurement and JJF 1059.1-2012 Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, a mathematical model for the determination of Octocrilene was established, and the source of uncertainty was analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the content of Octocrilene in cosmetics was 0.843% and the relative expanded uncertainty of measurement result was 0.026% (k=2). The main uncertainty came from the configuration of standard solution and the fitting of calibration curve.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1570-1575 [Abstract] ( 242 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (395 KB)  ( 285 )
1576 The Research on In-situ Calibration Technology of Air-sea Interface Observation Buoy
JIA Wei-guang,ZHU Li-ping,QIN Xin-pei,YU Jian-qing
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.21
The sea-air interface observation buoy can collect sea surface meteorological and hydrological data synchronously for a long time and continuously. It is one of the important technical supports for the study of global air-sea interaction. Researchers analyze the problems in the calibration of sea-air buoys, and proposes an in-situ calibration technique for sea-air interface observation buoys. Based on the National Shallow Sea Marine Comprehensive Test Field, it conducts a study on the measurement calibration technology of sea-air interface buoys. The sea trial data shows that the on-site in-situ calibration technology is feasible, the process is controllable, and the results are credible. Both the meteorological and hydrological parameters meet the requirements of 《Specifications for Surface Meteorological Observation》 and 《The Specification for Offshore Observations》, which can meet the accuracy requirements of the land calibration technology. The traceability of the float value provides a new and effective way.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1576-1582 [Abstract] ( 221 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (583 KB)  ( 537 )
1583 Research on Calibration Method of Vital Sign Simulator
WU Si-qi,YANG Shi-jin,HU Zhi-xiong,YE Fu-yu,HONG Wei,LIU Wen-li,WANG Jian-lin
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.12.22
The study on the calibration method of vital sign simulator was performed by employing a number of equipment and a series of metrological technical regulations. According to the published calibration specifications, a typical simulator model was calibrated and the uncertainty was evaluated. Characteristics of the calibration method were elaborated, and unpractical requirements as well as potential solutions were discussed. Furthermore, intelligent calibration of vital sign simulator was realized by utilizing automatic measurement program.
2020 Vol. 41 (12): 1583-1589 [Abstract] ( 300 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1309 KB)  ( 362 )
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