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2016 Vol. 37, No. 6
Published: 2016-11-22
553
Measurement and Nonlinear Correction for Micro-displacement of Shear Piezoceramics Stack
XU Sheng,SHI Shu-li,GAO Si-tian,CHEN Ben-yong,LI Qi
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.01
The shear piezoceramics stack micro-displacement measurement system is built. The second-order, third-order, forth-order least square fitting formulas of voltage with displacement are obtained by the micro-displacement measurement experiments of 5 different target voltage. The result of nonlinear correction used by the third-order least square fitting formula is the best one, the maximal nonlinear error is 3nm when the shear piezoceramics stack moving 1 050nm. The nonlinear correction for different target displacement is realized by spline fitting of the polynomial coefficient to get the relational polynomial expression. The maximal nonlinear error is 4 nm when the shear piezoceramics stack moving 900 nm, which is only 11% of the initial nonlinear error.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 553-558 [
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646
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559
A Method of Phase Difference Displacement Measurement Based on the Ultrasonic A/D Sampling
XU Cong-yu,WANG Shi-hao,WU Xiao-feng,LIU Zhi-guo,XU Hui-jun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.02
In order to improve the resolution of ultrasonic displacement measurement, a kind of method of displacement measurement on ultrasonic phase difference based on the ultrasonic A/D sampling is proposed. The method can eliminate the impact of DC component on displacement measurement by the subtraction of adjacent ultrasonic sampling data. Then, a mathematical model of displacement measurement on phase difference is set up, which is established by ratio of the difference between adjacent sampling data and on which the higher resolution of displacement measurement is obtained. Using above method, the sampling circuit is simple and the lower ultrasonic signal sampling rate is needed, and with only a dozen of data in a period of ultrasonic signal, the submicron level of resolution of displacement measurement can be obtained. The result of experimental data shows that this method is effective, and if the ultrasonic frequency 40 kHz is selected on the platform of ultrasonic displacement measurement by the method, the resolution of displacement measurement with 1 μm will be reached.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 559-562 [
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675
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563
Analysis and Compensation of the Nonlinear Error Based on Contact Surface Profil Measurement
SUN Yan-ling,CHANG Su-ping
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.03
A circular path is produced by measuring stylus rotating with the lever axle, and the horizontal deviation affects the accuracy of surface profile measurements. Based on the improvement of traditional measuring rod, the mathematical model of non-linear measurement error and the compensation algorithm of polynomial fitting error are derived. The method of calculating error compensation parameters by fitting a standard ball is proposed. For a spherical cap of 79.505 3 mm radius, experimental results shown that the size of the radius error is less than 1 μm, the effect of the compensation is better.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 563-566 [
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469
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567
Roundness Error Evaluation of Non-uniformly Distributed Data Points Based on Machine Vision
LIU Qing-min,ZHANG Lei,WU Li-qun,JI Jiang-tao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.04
Four kinds of evaluation methods for roundness error were compared and improved, so that the improved least square method was used in the calculation of the non uniform distribution of a circle, and the minimum zone method in discrete points of non-uniformly distributed circular was used. Using analytical method to solve roundness error of the minimum area method, the defect of optimization iteration method is improved and the minimum area was available after several accurate calculation. Detection parameters are the center and average radius of the smallest area. their application in incomplete and points of non uniform distribution case are important. Leading the relative error rate of roundness error ξk, the roundness error, processing precision, processing method and micro ratio can be analyzed. By four kinds of evaluation methods, the calculation results of hole in visual experiment were ξk1=0.019, ξk2= 0.017, ξk3=0.018, ξk4=0.019 respectively. The detection method discrete of non-uniform distribution discrete points of the circle and arc can be applied in practical production and testing measurement department.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 567-570 [
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657
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571
Double Channels Telescope System for Space Laser Communications Synthetic Parameter Test
SUN Quan-she,ZHAO Fa-cai,HAN Zhong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.05
A design of a double channels telescope system for space laser communications synthetic parameter test is proposed. The long focal channel can be used for far field distribution measurement of the terminals and afocal channel can be used for the measurement of tracking and pointing accuracy. The principle of the measurement of the far field distribution, tracking and pointing accuracy of space laser communication is analyzed.A double channels telescope system was designed which could construct off-axis Cassegrain system or of-axis three-mirror afocal system, respectively. The working spectral range of the system is 800~1 700 nm and the clear aperture size is 300mm. The performances of the system were tested. The test result demonstrates that the wavefront error of long focal channel is 0.097λ(λ=632.8 nm),and the wavefront error of afocal channel is 0.048λ which both meet the design requirements.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 571-575 [
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575
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576
Occlusion Boundary Detection Using Graph-based Semi-supervised Learning
ZHANG Shi-hui,ZHANG Yu-cheng,ZHANG Hong-qiao,LI Xin
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.06
A novel occlusion boundary detection approach is proposed for depth image by using graph-based semi-supervised learning. Firstly, the connected undirected graph is constructed with the labeled and unlabeled pixels as vertexes. Secondly, the feature vector of each pixel is gained by extracting its maximal depth difference and the sum of eight neighborhood effective depth differences, and the similarity between the pixels are computed as the weight of the corresponding edge in the undirected graph. Thirdly, the pixels to be detected in the undirected graph are labeled as occlusion or nonocclusion boundary point according to graph-based semi-supervised learning idea. Finally, the occlusion boundary points in depth image are visualized and the occlusion boundary can be obtained. The experimental results show that, although only a small amount of labeled samples, the proposed approach is equivalent to the existing supervised-based learning method in accuracy.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 576-581 [
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666
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582
Image Edge Feature Extraction Research Based on Quantum Kernel Clustering Algorithm
TIAN Yuan,WANG Hong-tao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.07
To improve the quality of image edge feature extraction,quantum kernel clustering algorithm is proposed. Firstly, pixel mapping quantum was coded and pixel blocks in encode element domain were sampled randomly. Secondly, the distance between data point and every clustering core was calculated by clustering distance, data vector was distributed to the core vector at the minimum distance, and valid effect range was determined by kernel function. Finally, pixel cluster dissimilarity was analyzed and procedure was described. Experimental result shows that quantum kernel clustering algorithm can achieve the image edge feature extraction with well-defined profile and high consistency, good assessment factor MS and clustering precision, and fast convergence.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 582-586 [
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772
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587
Image Adaptive Enhancement Research Based on Improved Shuffled Frog Leap Algorithm
CHEN Hong-tao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.08
To improve the effect of image enhancement, improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm was proposed.Firstly, frogs were grouped, one was used swarm intelligence algorithm, and another was used adaptive algorithm. Secondly, image pixel was mapped code based on real encoding.Thirdly,leap frog was Trimmed update based on fuzzy set.Finally,mean square error function was as evaluation function, and image adaptive enhancement was achieved based on Beta nonlinear transformation function optimal parameter value. Experimental simulation result show: improved shuffled frog leap algorithm has high contrast for image enhancement, processing time is less, pixel data obtained has high precision.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 587-590 [
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611
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591
Zinc Fixed Point Reproduction Apparatus Based on the Quasi Adiabatic
WANG Wei,SUN Jian-ping,ZENG Fan-cao,FANG Xin-yun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.09
The plateau of fixed-point realization is affected by many aspects in ITS-90, temperature uniformity is one of the most important factors. To improve the temperature field performance and reduce the influence caused by leakage, refer to the adiabatic principle which was widely used in the apparatus of low temperature fixed point, a zinc fixed point apparatus based on the quasi adiabatic is design.The temperature grads properties 100 mK of the traditional fixed point is reducted to 20 mK, the usage amount of metal is also reduced from 2.0 kg to 200 g. The experimental results show that the temperature plateau sustainable long time, and the reproducibility of the apparatus can be reduced to 0.1 mK.The apparatus can greatly improve the properties of temperature field, reduce the factors of interference evaluation for effect of trace impurities in high purity metal on the phase transition temperature. The miniaturization of the device can be used repeatedly to achieve economic and practical purposes, and also give the impact assessment of trace impurities in high purity metal phase change temperature which provides the basis for reduction interference of the temperature field.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 591-595 [
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694
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596
Improvement of Combustion Flame Thermometry Based on TDLAS
YANG Bin,HUANG Bin, YANG Hui-nan,LIU Pei-jin,HE Guo-qiang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.10
The system with 7 153.748
-7
-154.354 cm
-1
line-pair based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is designed for temperature measurement of premixed flat flame. Due to the weak absorptions, the signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) are low, and the relative deviation between TDLAS and thermocouple are larger. Therefore, the dual lasers TDLAS system with (7 185.597-(7 444.352+7 444.371) ) cm-1 line-pair, which is combined long path method, is developed for improvement of measurement accuracy. The result shows that the selected range will be broaden by using dual lasers, and the stronger line pair will be selected for improvement of SNR. Furthermore, combined the long path method, the relative deviation between TDLAS and thermocouple can be reduced from 10% to 5%.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 596-601 [
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892
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602
Calculate on Effective Emissivity of High-temperature Blackbody Cavity
CAI Lu-lu,TIAN Hai-xia,WU Fei,DONG Jie
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.11
The model of cylindrical blackbody cavity is established, based on the integral equation method,finite element analysis method, Monte-Carlo method , the effective emissivity of blackbody cavity is calculated, and comparison and analysis the different cavity geometry, cavity material emissivity , the probe distance from mouth cavity and other factors have impact on the effective emissivity of the blackbody cavity. The results show that under the same cavity length to diameter ratio, the aperture ratio, material emissivity and other conditions, namely the length to diameter is larger, the aperture ratio smaller, the cavity material emissivity larger then the blackbody cavity have larger effective emissivity.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 602-605 [
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1083
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606
The Influence of Relative Humidity on Thermal Conductivity of Foam Glass
WANG Xiao,CUI Chao,YU Shi-fan,XIONG Yu-ting,LYU Ling,CHEN Yi-hao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.12
Thermal conductivity of foam glass in the condition of different relative humidity is measured via transient plane source method. The results show that thermal conductivity of specimens hardly change with environment humidity in the condition of lower relative humidity. In the condition of higher relative humidity, thermal conductivity of specimens is shown to rise with increasing the relative humidity, and compared with low humidity, the thermal conductivity is increased by nearly 1.5% at most. Besides, it is shown that the inhomogeneity of foam glass lead to different region with different thermal conductivity, the maximum difference can reach to 8.8%.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 606-609 [
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650
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610
Research on Spherical Scattering Echo Model for Broadband Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
YI Zhi-qiang,ZHAO Zhi-jin,MA Xiu-zhun,LI Yun,ZENG Rong,YAO Ying-biao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.13
The broadband acoustic Doppler current profiler estimates current velocity by processing underwater volume echo. The accuracy of the echo model decides the correctness of theoretical simulation. According to the scattering characteristics of echo, a spherical scattering model was proposed through analyzing the space-time relation of echo. Using the coordinate rotation method, the analytical formula of echo was derived. Compared to other methods, the formula fully reflects the effect of scattering model shape to echo and matches reality more exactly. The spectrum and autocorrelation feature of the echo model were analyzed, and the current velocity was estimated by employing the complex self-correlation algorithm. By comparison with the measured data, the results show the echo model and analytic formula are correct.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 610-614 [
Abstract
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606
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615
A Method for Measurement of the Inner Volume of Bell Prover
LIU Yi-ping,SONG Jin,XU Yao1,QUAN Xiao-jun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.14
The inner volume of a 1000L bell prover is measured by a new facility. A chord length measuring element is made up of two length gauges and a rotating arm. The whole volume of the bell is measured off 256 cross sections with axially equal spacing, and the spatial coordinates of the points, at which length gauges contact the bell’s inner wall,are obtained with a sampling interval of 15° to reproduce every section profile. A new sweep method is introduced to calculate the areas of section profiles. The comparison with the method for the assessment of departure from roundness shows that the results of the two methods coincide with each other when small sampling interval is adopted. A data sheet for all element volumes along bell axial is presented as calibration result.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 615-618 [
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610
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619
Development of Multi-Sensor Thermal Gas Flowmeter
SHEN Ping-ping,ZHAO Wei-guo
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.15
A multi-sensor gas flowmeter was developed, which aims to measure the gas flow rate for irregular flow field and large-and-middle scale pipeline. Measurement points are set in the pipe by Log-linear method and four sensors are distributed accordingly in the pipe to acquire the signal of flow rate from characteristic points. The equation of characteristic curve function is obtained by orthogonal polynomial fitting. The experiment for the prototype of 200mm caliber has been taken in irregular flow field .The experiment results show that multi-sensor measurement method could obviously improve the inaccuracy of single sensor measurement in irregular flow field.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 619-622 [
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671
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623
Numerical Study of the Metering Principle for Thermal Flow Sensor Based on Micro Electro Mechanical System
DUAN Suo-hang,DONG Sheng-long,LI Guo-guo,ZHANG Jin-long,TAO Ren-yi
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.16
By means of computational fluid dynamics method, a mechanism model was established based on the metering principle of micro electro mechanical system thermal flow sensor. The temperature field distribution on the surface of the micro electro mechanical system sensor with different flow rate were numerical simulated and analyzed basing on above model. The relationship between signal output of sensor and the standard flow rates was investigated and the obtained conclusions were consistent with theory. Meanwhile, by comparison with the experimental data, the correctness of the established model was verified. In addition, by analyzing the thermal characterization of thermal flow sensor with different temperature and pressure, a certain temperature and pressure effects were discovered. In case of working temperature, pressure fluctuating strong or severe deviation from the calibration state, it will bring great measurement error.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 623-627 [
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698
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628
Spectrum Analysis of Rotary Vibration Characteristics for Single-phase Asynchronous Motor
ZHAO Hao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.17
The rotary vibration of single-phase asynchronous motor under the rated condition are tested, the results show that there exist obvious rotary vibration, and its frequency is double of fundamental wave. The mechanism of the rotary vibration is analyzed, the amplitude and the speed changing of the elliptical rotating magnetic field are the main reasons, the situations of the elliptical magnetic field are simulated. The rotary vibration of single-phase asynchronous motor in variable voltage speed control conditions are measured, the measurement results are analyzed by spectrum feature, the relationship between the amplitude of main rotary vibration component and the voltage is found, and the reason of experiment results are analyzed.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 628-631 [
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651
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632
Improved Local Mean Decomposition and Least Squares Support Vector Machines Applied in Fault Selection for Small Current Grounding System
CAO Li-fang,ZHAO Peng-cheng,CHEN Ying,WANG Yu-tian,ZHANG Shu-qing,ZHANG Hang-fei,XU Jian-tao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.18
A new fault line selection method for the small current grounding system based on improved local mean decomposition(LMD) combined with the least squares support vector machines(LS-SVM) is put forward. Against defects in end effect of LMD, the minimum squared distance-related to improve algorithm is proposed, and end effect is effectively suppressed; LS-SVM is the developed algorithm on the basis of SVM, with a quadratic loss function instead of insensitive loss function, equality constraints instead of inequality constraints, reducing the computational complexity greatly.Compared with classification results of radial basis function neural network(RBF), least squares support vector machine has advantages in nonlinear pattern recognition.The experiment showed that this method could be well selected fault line, provides an effective new method for fault section of small grounding lines.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 632-637 [
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482
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638
Research on magnetic uniformity Performance of two kinds of saddle Coils for Magnetic Shielding
DING Ying,DONG Quan-lin,ZHAO Wei-xia,LI Ru-jie,FANG Jian-cheng
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.19
The essay established mathematical models of two kinds of saddle shim coils under the Cartesian coordinates based on the Biot-Savart Law,the general characteristic of magnetic field distribution has been numerical analyzed in radial direction. Meanwhile, utilizing Matlab software to optimize the coils parameters under theoretical deduced optimum structure, the magnetic field uniformity area and the deviation relative to center magnetic field intensity in axis and cubic space produced by these two kinds of saddle coils are compared under the optimum magnetic uniformity .Additionally, homogeneous magnetic field effective space area of these two kinds of saddle coils is given on the condition of its relative deviation less than 1%,which provided the theoretical basis and reference for the design and research of the radial dimensional of magnetic field compensation system.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 638-643 [
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668
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644
The Data Processing about FM Signals DemodulationUsing Hilbert Transformation
LIANG Zhi-guo
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.20
To the FM signals demodulation using Hilbert transformation, some problems are introduced. To the window length of de-convolution of Hilbert transformation, the experiment results show, when the window length is longer than both 100 points and the carrier wave period, the results are good. To obtain the real frequency from the phase series by differential method, a novel method is presented to overcome the lower precise results, First of all, it must be eliminating trend part by terminal base line method, and then, multi-point difference is used. And the good demodulation results of FM signal are gotten. Through demodulation experimentation in one sampling series of FM signals. The validity and feasibility are proved and it must be a novel processing method of de-modulation FM signals using Hilbert transform.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 644-648 [
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745
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649
A Technology of On-line Measurement of QPSK Multicarrier Signal Delay
ZHANG Jing-xi,HU Yong,LI Yue
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.21
Aiming at the problem that traditional general instruments can’t on-line measure the delay of QPSK multi-carrier signal in a new generation of spread-spectrum TT&C system and BEIDOU system. A method of measuring the QPSK multi-carrier signal delay is proposed. Synchronizing signal is realized low-distortion&long-distance transmission by fiber optics. Multi-carrier signal is successfully separated by FIR filter without nonlinear distortion and the delay from filter was calculable and the delay of QPSK signal is successfully measured by using the technology of enveloping with gate. Measurement system architecture is proposed and the QPSK multi-carrier signal delay measurement system is successfully developed which realized high-accuracy on-line measurement for uplink delay of transponding satellite navigation testing system based on the method.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 649-652 [
Abstract
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563
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431
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653
The Miniaturization of the Data Acquisition System for Mercury Ion Microwave Frequency Standard
WANG Man,CHEN Yi-he,LIU Hao,HE Yue-hong,YANG Zhi-hui,SHE Lei,LI Jiao-mei
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.22
In order to achieve the miniaturization of electronic servo system, a data acquisition system, based on FPGA(Field-Programmable Gate Array) was developed. Broadband, high-speed, low-power microchips were introduced into circuits to process the weak fluorescence spectrum signal, then the FPGA high-speed photon counting method was applied to signal acquisition. It can replace the traditional computer software LABVIEW combined with commercial instrument data acquisition system. So efficient data acquisition were realized in physical ion microwave frequency standard system.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 653-656 [
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664
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657
Application of Fluorescence Spectra and Parallel Factor Analysis to the Discrimination between Sesame Oil and Sesame Essence
WU Xi-jun,TIAN Rui-ling,DU De-qin
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.23
The fluorescence spectra of twenty-one sesame oil samples and two sesame essence samples are measured with FS920 fluorescence spectrometer. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) is applied to resolve excitation-emission fluorescence matrices (EEM). The factor-number and constituents corresponding to each factor are ascertained. The map feature (peak position, peak value and peak number) are obtained by analyzing synchronous fluorescence spectra of three-dimensional, three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra and contour maps. The three-factor excitation and emission profiles and factor relative content plots of PARAFAC model are plotted. These results indicate the capability of the combination of fluorescence spectra techniques and three-factor PARAFAC model to differentiate sesame oils and sesame essence.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 657-662 [
Abstract
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614
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620
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663
Establishment and Simulation of Calibration Conditions for CT Chamber
LIAO Zhen-yu,WU Jin-jie,QU Guo-pu,WANG Jia,GE Shuang,HUO Bin-bin,YANG Yang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.24
Based on the calibration method in the IAEA TRS 457 report, RQT 8 radiation quality was established. The spectra and angular distributions for RQT 8 radiation quality was performed by Monte Carlo simulation software EGSnrc with the distance of 95 cm, radius of 5 cm between tube focal spot and recording planar, which constructing the model of CT chambers calibration field. The effection of calibration CT chambers was studied under additional aperture with different length as well as angle edges. The result shows that the deviation of established Half-value Layer for reference radiation quality no more than 1.4%, the scattering and transmission is the least when the width of additional apertures is 50mm and the opening angle is 80°, all of which is reaching on the requirements of calibration, testing and international comparison for CT chambers.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 663-666 [
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601
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667
Realization of Soft Measurement on Lance's Position of Rich Oxygen Top-blown Furnace Based on OPC and WinCC
YIN Zhi-hao,WEN Kai-fen,FU Kun-peng,FENG Li-hui
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2016.06.25
Rich oxygen top-blown furnace is widely used in nonferrous metallurgy, however, so far the spray lance position has been difficult to be measured online, and it affects the control and life of spray lance. In order to improve the life and production efficiency of spray lance, based on soft prediction model of spray lance's position and fuzzy control algorithm of spray lance end-pressure which gained, the data exchange between soft measurement algorithm of spray lance position in Matlab based on OPC and WinCC platform are achieved successfully. And the lance position and predicted values of spray lance's insertion depth are highlighted on WinCC interface, it solve the problem that the spray lanc position is hard to measure online, and thus the life of the spray lance is improved. The spray lance average life under the traditional measure is 79.6 h, the average life under soft measured is reached 155.28 h.
2016 Vol. 37 (6): 667-670 [
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550
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(1337 KB) (
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