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2011 Vol. 32, No. 6 Published: 2011-11-22

	481	The Sealed-type Argon Triple-point Device to Calibrate Long-stem Thermometers in Quasi-adiabatic Conditions
		SUN Jian-ping
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.01
		The argon triple-point,one of the required reference fixed points at the low-temperature range in the international temperature scale of 1990 (ITS—90),is significant in the verification of national primary standard.A new type of sealed argon triple-point device,used to calibrate long-stem platinum resistance thermometers（SPRTs）in quasi-adiabatic conditions,is developed by National Institute of Metrology.The software used for automatic measuring and instrument controlling is developed as well.The results show that the plateau time of the new type of sealed argon triple-point device can reach above 23 hours,and the difference of the plateau is within 0.2 mK during 16 hours.The reproducibility is 0.1 mK.The new device successfully eliminates defects of the short plateau time and the great difficulty in the realizing of the argon triple-point with a continuous heat flux method.This research improves the argon triple-point device,and ensures the accuracy of the temperature verification.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 481-484 [Abstract] ( 539 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (924 KB) ( 498 )

	485	Extraction of the In-focal Position of the Measured Object Points from the Sequential Images Collected from the Parallel Astigmatic Confocal System
		LIU Wen-wen,YU Xiao-fen,FAN Hui-min
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.02
		Based on the principle of confocal microscopy,the parallel astigmatic confocal optics system is uesd to detecting the 3-D surface topography of the micro-structure.The system divided light beam with the micro-optic components to realize the parallel detecting.The astigmatic principle is introduced to restrain the interferences coming from the noise and the drift of light source and CCD.By means of searching the “zero” point in the characteristic curve,the in-focal position of the measured object points are extracted.The several key problems are discussed,which deal with the strategies of determining the positions of the astigmatic facula,the optimization and realization of the differential algorithm of the astigmatic principle,the decision of the interval for searching the “zero” point in the characteristic curve,and the fitting method of the characteristic curve etc.A software has been developded based on the research, which can implement extracting the “zero” points in the whole-field characteristic curve speedily and reliably.The research has foundational value for the the micro-structures 3-D profile reconstruction and visualization measurement technology.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 485-489 [Abstract] ( 542 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1246 KB) ( 565 )

	490	Effect of Wave Plates and Polarizer on the Nonlinearity of Heterodyne Interferometers
		REN Xiao,HOU Wen-mei
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.03
		To reduce the nonlinearity error of heterodyne interferometer,the influence mechanics of wave plate and polarizer upon nonlinearity error must be determined.Theoretical and experimental analysis showed that different influence on non-linearity exits when wave plate and polarizer were placed in the front of or behind the polarized beam splitter.If the error wave plate and polarizer were placed in front of the polarization beam splitter,non-linearity was introduced definitely due to error.If the same optical components are installed inside the interferometer,it is possible to affect the nonlinearity,but usually with a factor in an order of about 10^-2.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 490-494 [Abstract] ( 511 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (666 KB) ( 748 )

	495	Evaluation of Profile Error for Free-form Surface
		LIN Xiao-jun,WANG Zeng-qiang,SHI Yao-yao
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.04
		On the basis of summarizing the principle of profile error evaluation,the geometrical evaluation rule of the least condition is proposed for the profile error,which are the “triangle principle” and “cross principle”.The algorithm for evaluating the least condition of the profile error is studied.First,the feature points are pre-positioned,followed by rough matching by least square method and self adaptation between the measured subject and the theoretical surface based on the least condition principle.At last an example is validated the correctness of the geometry rule and feasibility of this algorithm.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 495-500 [Abstract] ( 517 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1028 KB) ( 832 )

	501	Sphericity Error Evaluation with Double-quick Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
		LUO Jun,WU Hua,WANG Qiang
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.05
		Artificial Bee Colony(ABC) Algorithm is used to evaluate the sphericity error, and the evaluation model of the minimum zone sphericity error is given as well. Based on the peculiarity of sphericity error evaluation, the ABC algorithm is improved by following ways: Firstly, a set of bees is introduced from employers according to probability to find feasible solutions in the neighborhood of the best solution currently, and the convergence rate is rapidly improved. Besides, in order to enhance the ability of the algorithm to break away from the local optimum, randomly choose some scouts according to probability to find feasible solutions in the neighborhood of the best solution currently. The feasibility of the new algorithm was validated according to a typical testing function. The experimental results of two sets using the improved ABC algorithm and several different typical Swarm Intelligence(SI) algorithms proved that the improved ABC algorithm has advantages of fast convergence speed,high accuracy and strong robustness when evaluate the sphericity error. This improved algorithm applies to the measurement and testing of precision instruments.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 501-505 [Abstract] ( 455 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (607 KB) ( 581 )

	505	Study on System Design and Signal Processing Method ofAnti-fixed-strong-disturbance for Vortex Flowmeter
		XU Ke-Jun,ZHU Zhi-Hai,JIANG Peng,LIU San-Shan
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.06
		There is strong-vibration-disturbance in industrial fields sometimes. The frequency of the disturbance is fixed and within the range of the vortex flow signal. Its power is large than that of the vortex flow signal. At this time, the digital vortex flowmeter can not obtain accurate measurement results according to the vortex flow signal power being maximal. Therefore a notch filter with adjusted frequency, width and depth is designed. The notch filter is firstly used to remove the fixed-strong-disturbance, and then the spectrum analysis is employed to estimate the frequency of the vortex signal, which can attenuate the fixed-strong-disturbance that is within the frequency range of the vortex flow signal, and not to affect measurement of the vortex frequency. A dsPIC33FJ256MC710 DSP made by Microchip Company is used to develop a digital signal processing system for vortex flowmeter, and the good experimental results are obtained.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 505-510 [Abstract] ( 471 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (575 KB) ( 896 )

	511	A Novel Battery-powered Digital Fluidic Oscillation Flow-meter
		FANG Min,WANG Qin,XU Ke-jun
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.07
		An low-power digital fluidic oscillation flow-meter based on MSP430F5418 MCU is developed,that adapted to the primary instrument of the votex flow-meter and swirl flow-meter. The solution combines the small number spectral analysis with the analog band-pass filters and the algorithm is implemented by means of the assemble language and the fixed-point calculation. All that filters the noise signal of the flow signal in as lower as possible power consumption, and extends the lower flow limit. In the light of features of DC/DC and Low Dropout Regulator(LDO), a switching circuit is designed to improve the efficiency of the power module. According to the requirements of measurement and precision, the temperature and pressure compensation module acquires the temperature and pressure signals in a certain time interval for reducing the power consumption of the meter.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 511-516 [Abstract] ( 505 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (469 KB) ( 422 )

	517	Research and Application of Static Decoupling for 3-axis Wrist Force Sensor
		MA Jun-qing,SONG Ai-guo,WU Juan
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.08
		To study the 3-axis force sensor static decoupling algorithm, the principle of 3-axis force sensor couple is presented and coupling error model is developed. Static calibration experiments of a 3-axis force sensor are described. The traditional algorithm based on solving inverse matrix always has a problem of generating ill-conditioned matrix, which may decrease stability and precision of decoupling. A static decoupling algorithm based on coupling error model is proposed. The results of experiments show that the novel algorithm has features of simplicity, high reliability and high precision. It also has the ability to reflect coupling relation among sensor dimensions.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 517-521 [Abstract] ( 534 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (416 KB) ( 1341 )

	522	Study on Course Radius Fitting Algorithm for Vertical Tank Volume Measurement Based on Internal Electro-optical Distance-ranging Method
		TONG Lin,WANG Jin-tao,LIU Zi-yong,GUO Li-gong,BAO Xue-song,ZHANG Long
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.09
		Course radius fitting algorithm is one of the key research contents of vertical tank volume measurement based on internal electro-optical distance-ranging method, which is to deduce circle equation for points set with circumferential distribution essentially. Four algorithms were introduced and analyzed, which are power mean method, iterative method, least square method and fan area superposition method. One 1000m3 vertical tank used as a test object, comparison experiment was carried out with strap method（international arbitral standard). The maximal radius error of these methods were 2.05mm, 1.48mm, 1.46mm and 2.12mm, and the absolute value of mean radius error were 0.97mm, 0.63mm, 0.62mm and 1.03mm respectively, which verifies the four methods. Applied characteristic of each method is described.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 522-525 [Abstract] ( 529 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (474 KB) ( 593 )

	526	Study and Implementation of the Auto-calibration System of Vector Hydrophone
		LIU Jin-chang,FEI Teng,LIU Ming-bo,Liao Shu-chang
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.10
		Auto-calibration system of vector hydrophone has very important value in acoustic measurement. The system can accomplish low frequency auto-calibration of vector hydrophone. It can measure the signal amplitude of the standard hydrophone by dynamic signal acquisition. The sound field distribution is tested in the standing wave field. The standard uncertainty and expanded uncertainty of the system are analyzed and discussed. The comparison testing is given for pressure sensitivity. The expanded uncertainty of the system is 1.6dB.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 526-530 [Abstract] ( 594 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1081 KB) ( 445 )

	531	Research on Underwater Near-field Target Acoustic Detection System
		LIU Wei,WANG Chang-ming
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.11
		Aiming at underwater near-field target localization and recognition, a small-sized underwater near-field target acoustic detection system was designed. The system adopts the operation mode that active ranging sonar techniques and target passive DOA estimation using cross array. In order to validate the feasibility of the sonar system design, a set of water-tank experimental scheme is designed for the direction finding of underwater target. The purpose of the experiment is to realize underwater acoustic signal acquisition and processing conveniently by means of LabVIEW and MATLAB. The former is easy to data gathering and saving function, and the latter possess powerful simulation of algorithms. The experimental results offer reference for suitable types of arrays and related algorithms selection.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 531-534 [Abstract] ( 562 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1425 KB) ( 638 )

	535	Effect of Intermodulation on Bridge Balance and the Development of the Method for Its Restraint
		LIU Jian-bo,CHI Zong-tao,ZHAO Jian-ting,LU Yun-feng,HE Qing
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.12
		A detailed discussion is given of the effects of intermodulation caused by the nonlinearity in bridge null detector system. A resonant filter circuit with high Q value was designed and fabricated to restrain this effect. The required large inductances for the harmonic filter are realized by a winding on high-permeability porcelain jar cores,the highest Q value and lowest losses noise can be obtained by adjusting the gap of two porcelain jar. Experiment results shows that the input noise of the filter is less than 1nV/Hz, and the error caused by intermodulation distortion effect was reduced efficiently by more than two orders of magnitude.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 535-538 [Abstract] ( 446 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (622 KB) ( 490 )

	539	Research on a ps Fast Edge Generating Method Based on NLTL
		FU Zai-ming,WANG Hou-jun,HUAN Jian-guo
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.13
		The theory of compression rise time by nonlinear transmission lines（NLTL）and the main circuit are analyzed. Based on it the feasibility of that NLTL can be carried out on PCB by nonlinear components and linear transmission lines. From the point of engineering design,a ps fast edge generating method based on NLTL is studied,the formulas which represent the relations the parameters of nonlinear components and linear transmission lines and rise time compressed are gained. Furthermore,the process that the parameters of NLTL are calculated is present. At last the simulation results of the design example testifies the ps edge generating method,and the testing circuit is designed and measured,on which the issue of NLTL engineering is discussed.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 539-543 [Abstract] ( 415 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1324 KB) ( 787 )

	544	Analysis of Phase Truncation Based on Pseudo Interleaving of Multiple DDSs
		LIU Ke,TIAN Shu-lin,XIAO Yin-dong
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.14
		The principle of pseudo interleaving of multiple DDSs and spectrum expressions with ideal parameters are analyzed.The model of pseudo interleaving of multiple DDSs with phase truncation is established.Based on the model,the distribution and amplitude of spur caused by phase truncation are discussed and analyzed.Then some important conclusions are drawn and proved by simulation,which can provide theoretical supports for spurious performance evaluation and parameter selection in design signal source or clock generator based on pseudo interleaving technique.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 544-549 [Abstract] ( 583 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1368 KB) ( 444 )

	550	The Loop Design and Calibration Method in Pulsed Condition for Phase Noise Measurement
		YAN Dong-liang
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.15
		In narrow pulse modulation, the method that the beat shape depart from carrier frequency is reverted by PRFfilter to get main spectrum line during the calibration of phase noise measurement, comparing with traditional way is simple and fast. The PRF filter is used to remove PRF lines and the loop gain is increased to solve the problem which is hard to lock because of decrease of power in loop design in pulse modulation. The pulsed wave at different duty cycle is measured using phase noise measurement systems at different loop bandwidth. The results prove these methods are useful .
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 550-554 [Abstract] ( 476 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1419 KB) ( 510 )

	555	Study on X-ray Security Inspection Technology Based on Multi-sensor Detection
		WANG Huai-ying,YANG Li-rui,ZHANG Yu-jin,CHEN Li
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.16
		Considering the imaging characteristics of dual-energy transmission and Compton back-scattering,a new image fusion design scheme is presented based on complementary mutual information characteristic. A color fused image with dual information from both dual-energy transmission and Compton back-scattering is obtained,in which subjects with either high or low atomic number are reasonably clear.According to the judgment on the regional redundancy and mutual complementarity,different fusion strategies are selected.The material and spatial information on the inspected object are provided,and the pseudo-color caution is given at same time,this can improve the efficiency of instruments for contraband inspecting.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 555-558 [Abstract] ( 467 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (924 KB) ( 933 )

	559	The Device of the Neutron Reference Radiation with Radionuclide Neutron Sources
		ZHANG Hui,FAN Cheng,GONG Xiao-ming
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.17
		The reference radiations produced by radionuclide neutron sources can be used in routine calibration or scaling of the neutron survey meter, it also can be used as the basis platform of some experiments.The neutron reference radiation facility in the National Institute of Metrology is improved according to the ISO 8529—1 and the purposes of the facility.The facility fulfilled with the requirements of routine calibration for neutron instruments, and it can be used for the experiments for evaluating the neutron detectors and neutron protective materials.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 559-563 [Abstract] ( 521 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (482 KB) ( 801 )

	564	ANN Based Method for Evaluating the Uncertainty of Multi-data
		HAN Feng, WANG Jian-guo,QIAO Deng-jiang,DING Sheng
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.18
		A method is proposed to evaluate the uncertainty of multi-data of radiation effect experiments. Combining the radial basis function neural network with mixture model, a RBF-based mixture density network is constructed and a learning algorithm is given. With the proposed method, the relationship and the uncertainty of multi-data of radiation effect experiments can all be calculated. Examples show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 564-569 [Abstract] ( 467 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1465 KB) ( 497 )

	570	Plasmid pUC57-BT11 Construction and Application of Genetic Modified Maize Line BT11
		DONG Lian-hua,LI Liang,WANG Jing,ZHAO Zheng-yi,ZANG Chao
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2011.06.19
		To construct a plasmid pUC57-BT11 including event specific product and endogenous gene zSSIIb product.After restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing, the specific of the plasmid pUC57-BT11 is detected.The property value of pBT11 is 1.01±0.01(k=2) determined by sequencing and real time PCR.By comparison standard curve generated by plasmid with genomic DNA, no significant difference between the slopes of the standard curve is found.All correlated coefficient R2 are ≥0.99.Certified GM matrix materials are detected by quantitative PCR when pBT11 plasmid DNA is used as quantification standards.The results determined by quantitative PCR with pBT11 are identical with the certified values.This indicated that pBT11 plasmid can be used as a standard for GM maize BT11 quantitative and qualitatively detection.
		2011 Vol. 32 (6): 570-574 [Abstract] ( 434 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (523 KB) ( 664 )

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