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2012 Vol. 33, No. 5 Published: 2012-09-22

	385	Large Range Self-sensing AFM Measurement System Based on Dual Feedback Measurement Model
		GUO Tong,WANG Si-ming,WANG Long-long,CHEN Jin-ping,FU Xing,HU Xiao-tang
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.01
		A large range self-sensing AFM measurement system based on dual feedback measurement model was designed.The purpose is to improve the AFM measurement range.The self-sensing AFM system has two feedback loops:one is composed by piezoelectric ceramic transformer (PZT) and AFM measurement head. The fast dynamic response of the PZT displacement platform can characterize high frequency information of the sample surface; another loop is PZT displacement platform and the nano measuring machine (NMM) feedback controller. The PZT displacement stage position signal controls the NMM movement, and NMM millimeter z direction measurement range makes wide variation range low frequency contour information of the samples easily be characterized.By the system,flat samples and one-dimensional lattice are measured by experiments,the experimental results show that using dual feedback AFM measurement system can effectively characterize the sample frequency contour information and surface high frequency information,measurement range can reach millimeter level,the longitudinal resolution reaches nanometer level and the measurement repeatability is good.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 385-390 [Abstract] ( 501 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (3221 KB) ( 486 )

	391	The Calibration of Camera Intrinsic Parameters in Digital Close-range Photogrammetry
		GAN Xiao-chuan,HE Ming-zhao,YE Xiao-you
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.02
		The camera intrinsic parameters in digital close-range photogrammetry were studied.The imaging and distortion model were analyzed.Then,the camera intrinsic parameters were calibrated with the method based on plate pattern.A multi-feature plate pattern was designed according to the application and the characteristics of the system.Furthermore,a corner detection function suit for the plate pattern was coded after analyzing the detecting algorithm. At last,an experiment was carried out to examine the plate pattern and the detection function.The average error in corner detecting was less than 0.02 pixel in this examination.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 391-394 [Abstract] ( 474 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1168 KB) ( 1405 )

	395	Application Research of Self-adaptation System on Single-frequency Laser Interferometer
		HUANG Lei,MA Hong,MA Zhong-huan,YIN Zi
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.03
		To analyze the equal inclination fringe on focal plane in single-frequency laser interferometer and random noise of environmental factors, a self-adaptation system was developed.The fourth-order cumulant method,signal filtering method and direct current component distilling method are adopted.The experimental results show that, the noise of the signal can be disposed by this system,so the direct current component can be distilled.Accordingly, high-precision tracking to the direct current component is achieved.By installing the self-adaptation system on single-frequency laser interferometer in operation environment,its linear measuring accuracy achieves 0.9×10^-6 L, and measurement reproducibility is 0.09 μm.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 395-399 [Abstract] ( 428 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1399 KB) ( 347 )

	400	Research on Automatic Ultrasonic Waveform Tracking for Curved Surface Composite Parts with Variable Thickness
		ZHENG Hui-feng,LV Jiang-Ming,YANG Ni,YANG Chen-long
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.04
		The principles of ultrasonic test and automatic wave tracking were analyzed and the improved BP neural network was proposed to acquire the mapping function between the plus of sensitivity and sampling points position information,which was made into template,in order to realize compensation and real-time control of the plus of sensitivity and automatic tracking of the bottom wave during the ultrasonic test for the curved surface composite parts with variable thickness. The simulated results and experiments have shown that the proposed method overcome the difficulty of multi-peeks successfully in automatic ultrasonic test for curved surface composite parts with variable thickness. It is in common significance to improve the efficiency and accuracy of ultrasonic test for similar complex curved surface parts with high attenuation rate.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 400-404 [Abstract] ( 516 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (3891 KB) ( 403 )

	405	Uncertainty Evaluation of Primary Reference Cell Calibration under Outdoor Conditions
		LIU Hai-tao,SANG Shi-yu,ZHAI Yong-hui
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.05
		A direct normal irradiance calibration method and test bed is established for primary reference cell calibration in Lhasa. The calibration value and uncertainty analysis of direct normal irradiance, spectral mismatch correction, and short-circuit current measurement are discussed and evaluated for photovoltaic metrology calibration reference. The calibration method is based on absolute cavity radiometer which is calibrated against world radiation scale. The calibration result has good accuracy and reproducibility for photovoltaic metrology in China.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 405-410 [Abstract] ( 458 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (931 KB) ( 407 )

	411	Study and Establishment for the Shock Acceleration Standard Based on Drop Hammer
		HU Hong-bo,YU Mei
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.06
		The shock exciter based on drop hammer is described, including its structure and principles. Combing with digitizer and virtual instrument, the shock comparison calibration system is established coincided with the method recommended by ISO16063—22. A comparison of shock waveform generated by the standard based on drop hammer and Hopkinson bar is carried out. And also the consistent calibration result between comparison method and primary method valid the reliability of the device, and finally the difference between vibration and shock calibration was discussed.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 411-415 [Abstract] ( 680 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (358 KB) ( 773 )

	416	Two-dimentional Thermal Analysis of Adiabatic Vacuum Chamber with ANSYS Finite Element Simulation
		YANG Li-feng,LUO Zhi-yong,XU Ai-hua
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.07
		According to the difficulties of measuring temperature distribution in the adiabatic vacuum chamber,the method of combing ANSYS finite element simulation with experimental study is proposed. ANSYS finite element modeling,parameter identification,meshing,applying loads,and the solution process are described. Simulation results show that changes in ambient temperature 1℃,heat insulation vacuum chamber temperature will change 0.085℃,and verify the simulation results of the experiments. Test results show that use of the simulation can be accurate and reliable analysis of insulation vacuum chamber temperature,and improve test efficiency and reduce experimental costs.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 416-418 [Abstract] ( 628 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (653 KB) ( 897 )

	419	A New Automatic Measurement System for Testing Weighing Instruments
		WANG Jian,ZHONG Rui-lin,CAI Chang-qing,ZHANG Yue,DING Jing-an,YAO Hong,WANG Xiao-lei
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.08
		To meet the test requirements of recommendation OIML R76 about non-automatic weighing instruments, an automatic measurement system on weighing instruments is designed. The operators of the system can perform type evaluation tests of weighing instruments which maximum capacity are from 50 kg to 3000 kg by means of mass standards combined automatically at random. The system includes automatic loading and unloading function without impact and adhesion. Therefore type evaluation tests of weighing instruments with the maximum capacity from 50 kg to 3000 kg such as indication error test, repeatability test, tare test, static temperature test and damp heat test can be finished automatically by the system. The system can solve the problem that type evaluation test of weighing instruments with the maximum capacity above 50 kg is hardly performed by means of personnel. The experimental results show relative uncertainty of the system is not more than 5×10^-6.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 419-522 [Abstract] ( 477 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (266 KB) ( 516 )

	423	Study on Measurement Standard for Calibration Device of Static Friction Coefficient Standard of Communication Conduct
		GUO Dong-hua,MA Jun,MA Xue-feng
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.09
		The traceability relations,composition,measurement capabilities,main technical parameters,operation principles and calibration method of the measurement standard of calibration device of static friction coefficient standard of communication conduct are described.The factors which may affect the accuracy of measurements of calibration device were studied to determine the type of standard test rod,value of tensile speed,and factors affecting measurement uncertainty. The results show that the static friction coefficient between standard test rod of calibration device and standard part is 0.120±0.005;the selected value of tensile speed for measurement is 1.000mm/s;the effects caused by the temperature and humidity on the static friction coefficients can be ignored;the tensile speed,acceleration of gravity and coincidence degree between longitudinal centerline of test rod and test head centerline of push-pull dynamometer all can affect the measurement results,so the B type uncertainty should be evaluated about these factors.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 423-427 [Abstract] ( 506 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (300 KB) ( 369 )

	428	The Absolute Density Determination for A Single Crystal Silicon Sphere
		LUO Zhi-yong
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.10
		To determine Avogadro constant, the absolute density measurement of the single crystal silicon sphere is a decisive procedure. The current status of the density measurement of the single crystal silicon sphere,including measurement principles,measurement fields,influence factors,measuring devices and the best ability for the diameter measurement are introduced . The main difficulties and key techniques of density measurement is analyzed,and the development trend and technology prospect in related fields is predicted.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 428-431 [Abstract] ( 732 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (350 KB) ( 768 )

	432	Free Field Reciprocity Calibration of LS2F Microphone in High Frequency
		HE LONG-biao,WANG Bing-xing,WU Yun,NIU Feng,ZHONG Bo
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.11
		To meet the requirements for measurement traceability of air borne ultrasound pressure, PULSE analyzer and reciprocity calibration apparatus are used to found the free-field reciprocity calibration system. High frequency free field sensitivity of LS2F microphones and frequency response from 20 kHz to 51 kHz are obtained with time selective technology. The data with and without time selective technology are compared and the influences of standing wave and reflected wave from wall are analyzed .The result shows that standard deviation is reduced by 1.0 dB with this technology above 40 kHz.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 432-437 [Abstract] ( 628 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1753 KB) ( 486 )

	437	ARJ Aircraft Noise Measurement from Fly-over Test
		CHEN Tao,HOU Hong,CHEN Zhi-fei,ZHAO Jiang-nan
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.12
		ARJ aircraft noise sources were obtained from fly-over measurements.In order to distinguish different noise sources, array signal processing technology was used, and multi-arms spiral array was designed. The result shows that the main noise sources are aero-engine,landing gear,flaps and the back of empennages and the main sources are different with the different frequencies. These can provide the support for noise reduction.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 437-440 [Abstract] ( 599 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2686 KB) ( 403 )

	441	Study on the Measurement Standard and Traceability of 10kV/1000A High-voltage Electric Energy
		ZHENG Zhi-shou,CHEN Xi-wu,QI Xiao-jian,ZHANG Zhi-gao, WANG Li-xin,BIAN Hai-long,QU Qing-chang
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.13
		To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the measurement of high-voltage electric energy,a new method is provided for establishing a measurement standard and traceability system of 10 kV high-voltage electric energy. It can be used for the in-door measurement calibration of high-voltage electric energy apparatus and the traceability of measuring instruments of high-voltage electric energy in power grid.Based on I/V and V/V techniques,a measurement standard of high-voltage electric energy is developed.According to the analysis of experiments and the test rusults, the measurement accuracy of electric energy of three phases is less than 0.02%,and when a measurement calibration apparatus of high-voltage electric energy as an object verified, the measurement accuracy of electric energy of three phases is 0.12% when the power factor PF is 0.5.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 441-445 [Abstract] ( 503 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1271 KB) ( 626 )

	446	A New Arc Fault Detection Method Based on Wavelet Singularity Analysis and the Achievement on LabWindows/CVI
		ZHENG De-zhong,YU Qiong-fang,YANG Yi,DONG Ai-hua
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.14
		Based on the analysis of arc fault characteristics,the phenomenon of zero-off-cycle of arc fault is proposed.This characteristic information is showed as periodic singular points if it is analyzed by wavelet, so a new algorithm, periodic singular points detection for arc fault is proposed.LabWindows/CVI is used as the platform,based on wavelet singularity detection principle,the arc fault on-line detection system is designed and developed.The system used multi-threading technology,realized the arc fault’s real-time on-line detection.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 446-450 [Abstract] ( 441 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (4935 KB) ( 643 )

	452	Analysis of Parameters of λ and μ for Fractional Order PI^λD^μ Controller
		LIANG Tao-nian,CHEN Jian-jun,SHANG Bao-wei,WANG Yan
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.15
		The influence of frequency characteristic and step response performance for the fractional order control system while the integral order λand differential order μ are changed in the range of 0<λ,μ<2for the fractional order PIλDμcontroller are analyzed.The reasonable ranges of orders are also obtained.Firstly, the numerical solution of fractional order differential equation is adopted to compute the numerical solution for the fractional order closed control system.The fractional order differential and integral operators are replaced by the approximate recurrent evaluate operator.Secondly, fractional order PIλand PDμ controller are adopted to analyze the performance of control system which adopt the frequency characteristic and step response for fractional order control system while the integral order λand differential order μ change, respectively.The analyses of frequency characteristic are accord with the result of practical step response, which shown the integral order λand differential order μ of fractional order PIλDμcontroller have the better range.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 452-456 [Abstract] ( 394 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (783 KB) ( 654 )

	457	Optimized Design for Piezoelectric Layer of Anti-electromagnetism Interference
		SHI Xiao-ling,YUAN Shen-fang,QIU Lei
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.16
		The signal of the piezoelectric layer (PZT layer) used in the structural health monitoring for aircraft structures is easily effected by radiation and crosstalk. On the principle of electromagnetic interference, the PZT layer signal is researched and some related coupling parameters are obtained. Based on the research, reasonable parameters to reduce interference were designed and a kind of anti-interference PZT layer is developed. The results of the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the anti-interference performance of the designed PZT layer. It can be well used for damage detection. In the same test condition, the magnitude of the crosstalk decreases to 10 percent of the original one and the SNR of a fixed frequency interference is improved by 3.16 times when the optimized piezoelectric layer was used.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 457-462 [Abstract] ( 427 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1561 KB) ( 408 )

	463	nternational Key Comparison CCQM-K67:Surface Analysis Measurement of Composition for Fe-Ni Alloy Film
		WANG Hai,SONG Xiao-ping,CHENG Bin,FENG Ying
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.17
		Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique,the National Institute of Metrology of China developed an accurate analytical method and took part in the CCQM-K67 international key comparison on surface analysis measurement of the composition for Fe-Ni alloy film.According to the recently published comparison results, the measured Fe atom fraction (51.48%) by the National Institute of Metrology of China was agreed with the reference value (50.02%) of the CCQM-K67 key comparison.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 463-466 [Abstract] ( 455 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (693 KB) ( 955 )

	467	Development of Genetically Modified Rice TT51-1 Seed Powder Reference Materials
		SUI Zhi-Wei,YU Xiao-Bo,WANG Jing,LI Liang,FU Bo-Qiang,ZANG Chao,DONG Lian-Hua,MI Wei,YANG Li-Tao
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.18
		The selected genetically modified rice TT51-1 and its recipient rice Minghui 63 are grinded. Five different mass fractions of genetically modified rice seed powder reference materials are gravimetrically prepared. The homogeneity and stability are checked and the results show the reference materials are homogenous and stable under 4 ℃ during one year stock. The certified value is based on the gravimetric method and the determined value of DNA-based detection methods is verified by digital PCR. DNA Extraction efficiencies ratio of GM and non-GM powdery base material is used to calibrate the determination value. The calibrated determination value with digital PCR is consistent with certified value with gravimetric method. The reference materials are used for quantitative detection of genetically modified rice TT51-1 and assessment of specific detection method.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 467-471 [Abstract] ( 479 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (401 KB) ( 750 )

	472	Control Parameters Optimum of Control Charts for Measurement Process Control Using Bootstrap Entropy Fusion Model
		SUN Qun, ZHAO Ying1 PAN Quan-ke
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.19
		The Shewhart control chart is a main method to analyze check data. However, the Shewhart control chart is apt to cause false alarm under small amount of sample. For this problem, a method of Bootstrap Entropy Fusion Model is proposed to optimize control parameters of the Shewhart control chart. The bootstrap method is used to enlarge the amount of sample firstly. Based on this work, the maxim entropy is used to describe probability density functions of check data distribution parameters and estimate the mean value and variance of check data distribution. Therefore, control parameters are optimized. Experiments show that the optimized control parameters approach theory true values and the probability of false alarm is decreased.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 472-476 [Abstract] ( 432 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1165 KB) ( 388 )

	477	An Iterative Algorithm for Scaled Total Least Squares Estimation
		LU Tie-ding, ZHOU Shi-jian, ZHANG Li-ting,WANG Le-yang
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.05.20
		According to the scaled total least squares adjustment problems, based on the Lagrange function,the iterative method of the scaled total least squares is deduced. After comparison of the relationship between iterative method and singular-value decomposition method, the equivalence and consistency of these two methods are proved in theory.
		2012 Vol. 33 (5): 477-480 [Abstract] ( 453 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (269 KB) ( 460 )

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