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2012 Vol. 33, No. 4 Published: 2012-07-22

	289	Study on Traceability and Calibration Method of the Load and Displacement of Nanomechanical Measurement System
		DENG Mo-jie,GAO Si-tian,LU Ming-zhen,DU Hua,WEI Xiao-lin
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.01
		A study on the traceability and calibration method of the load and displacement scale factor of the instruments on the quasistatic nanoindentation mode is described. The load scale factor is the ratio of the displacement voltage, which can be obtained from a group of standard weights. The displacement scale factor represents the correlation between the displacement voltages and the displacement of the transducer.The calibration system has been tested by standard samples and been well verified in international comparison.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 289-293 [Abstract] ( 491 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (631 KB) ( 756 )

	294	Study on Dynamic Force Calibration of Axial Fatigue Testing Machines
		HU gang,YANG Zong-ying
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.02
		Based on the vibration analysis of mechanical model of electro-hydraulic-servo and electro-magnetic-resonant fatigue testing machines,the expressions of dynamic force errors of the two types of fatigue testing machines are derived. The main factors effect on amplitude of the inertial force,such as working frequency,mass and stiffness of gripping devices or specimen and so on,are analyzed. Based on the theoretic research,a series of comparison experiments of dynamic force calibration were carried out to test and verify the results of theoretic analysis. The correction of dynamic force error of fatigue testing machine is discussed,and the advice on choice of calibration devices and gripping devices is given.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 294-298 [Abstract] ( 535 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (656 KB) ( 544 )

	299	Development of Piezoelectric High Frequency Vibrator
		YANG Li-feng,YU Mei,XU Ai-hua
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.03
		According to the research status and application requirements for high frequency vibration standard at home and abroad, a new piezoelectric high frequency vibrator is developed. The high frequency range is from 2kHz to 50kHz. The maximum peak value of amplitude is 500nm. Optimum design of high frequency vibrator is described. Some important problems concerning the design of it are analyzed and reviewed. The issues discussed include functional description and choice of components of piezoelectric vibrator, optimization performance parameter of the piezoelectric stack, effects of contacting interfaces on the performances, and choice and effect of pre-stress of bolt in the vibrator. The main technical specifications of the high frequency vibrator and the results of comparison experiment are given.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 299-302 [Abstract] ( 705 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (768 KB) ( 757 )

	303	Development of Nanomechanical Measurement System on the Basis of Micro Electromechanical Systems
		ZHANG Zhi-kai,HUA Xiao-xin,Gao Sai,KONRAD Herrmann
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.04
		The development and test of nanomechanical measurement methods and systems on the basis of Micro Electromechanical Systems(MEMS) is described. A MEMS-based nanoforce actuator is presented, which is developed on the basis of an electrostatic lateral comb-drive, mainly for use in material micro/nano tensile testing and atom force microscope. In order to increase the output force, a post-fabrication gap reduction method is introduced, so that the nanoforce actuator shows such features as small size, low drive voltage, high resolution (in the order of nN) and large actuation force (>1 mN), etc. Then the principle of these measurement systems, the design, the manufacture and the assembly of the MEMS as well as first test results and achieved performance parameters are described.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 303-307 [Abstract] ( 461 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1757 KB) ( 580 )

	308	A Weighted Iterative Filter for On-line Measurement
		SHAO Wei,GUO Jun-jie,HUA Deng-xin
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.05
		The characteristic of acquired measurement data in the production line is analyzed.Then,a weighted iteration smooth filter method using dispersion of measurement points to optimize the weights is described.Compared with average filter method and median filter method,the method can eliminate the noise information in the on-line measurement points more effectively and better signal to noise ratio.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 308-313 [Abstract] ( 394 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1078 KB) ( 470 )

	313	Study on Multifunctional Laser Aiming Detector Based on Half Facular Point Optical Imagery
		ZHU Ling-jian,TAN Yu,QIU Zong-ming,LIU Jun-hua
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.06
		A multifunctional laser aiming detector applied on coordinate measurement machines was designed based on half facular point optical imagery.The designing thought and operation principle of the multifunctional aiming detector optical system was described in detail.An adaptive intensity control method was used in the circuit to adjust the laser intensity timely so that it can adapt to aiming measurement of different optical properties surface.Repeated aiming measurement experiments, linear sensitivity aiming measurement experiments and inclination tracking measurement experiments of the multifunctional detector were conducted in practice.The experimental results show that the measurement uncertainty of laser tracking aiming repeatability of the multifunctional detector is less than 1 μm with the measurement sensitivity of 30 mV/μm after calibration.The angle measure scale of laser tracking aiming is expected to 25° without any other accessorial equipment, which can be met the requirements of CMMs.This detector with characteristic of high detecting speed, high degree of automation and high aiming accuracy, will be expected to have the ability of free curved surface and imagery tracking aiming measurement of contour with higher speed and accuracy coincided with CMMs or other length measuring instruments and have a wide range of application prospects and a strong practical value for measuring parts profile with a higher precision.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 313-316 [Abstract] ( 434 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1184 KB) ( 542 )

	317	The Impact of Uniformity of Detector Responsivity on Measurement of Averaged LED Intensity
		LIU Jian,LIU Hui,ZHAO Wei-qiang,YANG Chen-zhu
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.07
		When using photometer with nonuniform responsivity distribution to measure the averaged LED intensity of LED with nonuniform illuminance distribution, the measurement results will have significant errors. A special experiment system is designed to measure the responsivity distribution of three types of photodetectors, and the measurement results indicated that the responsivity uniformity of the photodetector with diffuser is worse and the corresponding measurement error can be 2.0% when it is used to measure a white LED's averaged intensity. The nonuniformity evaluation method and the expression of evaluation factor c are proposed. It is suggested that the photodetectors with diffuser should be avoid when calibrating the averaged LED intensity.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 317-320 [Abstract] ( 435 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (515 KB) ( 814 )

	321	Testing Device for Large Caliber Precision Optical Element
		MI Zeng-zhen,XIE Zhi-jiang,YUAN Xiao-dong,LIU Chang-chun,XU Xu,CHU Hong-yu
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.08
		Aiming at the low detection efficiency of precision optical element,large caliber precision optical element was hard to be tested,a testing device for large caliber precision optical element which applied to large laser facility was designed.Through the contrast experiment on irradiate 40 mm×40 mm K9 sample plates with strong light flashlight, LED light,high brightness halogen lamp in dark field,the best detection efficiency can be got with the halogen lamp in which light intensity is the largest.3D electronic transaction platform based on linear CCD scanning was studied,this can ensure the high precision image to be grabbed.On this basis,the key technologies of image regional location,binary processing,defect detection were analyzed,element detection in high precision and real time were realized.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 321-325 [Abstract] ( 506 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1210 KB) ( 971 )

	326	The Development of a Standard Humidity Generator with Large Temperature Range and Adjustable Chamber Pressure
		ZHANG Wen-dong,ZHANG Yong
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.09
		With two-temperature and two-pressure principle,a standard humidity generator with large temperature range and test chamber pressure adjustable is developed.It can generate the whole range relative humidity in the temperature range of -50～90 ℃ and the relative pressure range of -50～0 kPa with the estimated expanded uncertainty of 0.3%RH～0.8%RH(k=2).The inner size of the test chamber is 150 mm×400 mm.The flow rate of the sample gas is 5～30 L/min.Automatic operation in the generator has been realized by using the working and control mode in which the industrial control computer and PLC is combined and by designing the device which can control the saturator pressure and sample gas flow accurately.The test results of cool mirror dew-point hygrometers and a gravimetric hygrometer proved its uncertainty.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 326-330 [Abstract] ( 691 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (505 KB) ( 495 )

	331	Precise Determination of the Thermal Conductivity of the Thermal Insulating Metal Material
		WANG Ji-chao,LI Han-ping,WANG Wen
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.10
		The thermal conductivity measurement instrument is designed according to the requirement of the steady-state measurement for thermal resistance,and the controllability of the experimental process is realized by automatic control technique.Through comparison with the standard reference block, the test device satisfies the standard requirements.With this device, some data of thermal conductivity are obtained about the thermal insulating metal material, the temperature range is from 80 ℃ to 220 ℃,the uncertainty of the apparatus is ±1.3%, and the thermal conductivity changs from 0.040 W/(m·K) to 0.053 W/(m·K).
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 331-335 [Abstract] ( 514 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2148 KB) ( 663 )

	336	Measurement of the Pressure and Temperature Coefficient of Laboratory Standard Microphone
		HE LONG-biao,BAI Ying,QIU Jian-min,ZHONG Bo,NIU Feng
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.11
		To investigate the static pressure coefficient and temperature coefficient of the laboratory standard microphones, a static pressure and temperature control system was developed based on the coupler reciprocity system. The sensitivities under different pressure and temperature conditions were dealt with application of Straight Line Fitting Method and the pressure and temperature coefficient at different frequency was obtained. The results show that in low frequency the coefficients hold the line, and at half of the resonant frequency of diaphragm, the pressure coefficient gets its max., while the temperature coefficient gets its min.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 336-339 [Abstract] ( 726 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1124 KB) ( 420 )

	340	Research on Characteristic of Ultrasound Field and Visualization Measurement
		FENG Yan-qiang,ZHU Hai-jiang,Yang Ping
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.12
		To study the piston ultrasound field, a visualization quantitative technique is exploited. High accuracy scanning system based on high frequency hydrophone is already built, and then the study on about beam-width and effective diameter parameters are carried out which produced by the plane piston transducer. Experimental results show that the visualization system can directly reveals space distribution of ultrasonic field, experiment and theoretical results agree very well, and the system can provide a reliable method for evaluating ultrasound equipments or transducers.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 340-345 [Abstract] ( 504 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1736 KB) ( 555 )

	346	A Technology of Real-time Wideband DDC Based on Parallel Architecture
		WANG Meng,TIAN Shu-lin,WANG Zhi-gang
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.13
		A presents a parallel processing architecture is described. It can solve some difficult problems of ultra-wideband digital IF processing through multiple channels of parallel processing, which can effectively reduce the sample rate and process cost. The parallel digital down conversion technique principle is deduced, phase difference of multi-NCOs output and error factor for reducing SNR are analyzed, and index distribution basis for the specific engineering design is provided. Finally, its correctness can be verified by experiment.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 346-350 [Abstract] ( 476 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1476 KB) ( 502 )

	351	Non-contact Measuring Methods of Transient Conduction Disturbances in Mine
		FENG De-wang
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.14
		Transient electromagnetic radiation model of short dipole, in which pulse current is used as its excitation source, can be built based on electromagnetic field theory. Moreover, the transient radiation field was closely bound up with the pulse current of power cable. The transformation model between direct contact measured value and non-contact measured value was built through modeling experiments, and the non-contact measuring method of transient conduction disturbance in mine was advanced. The experimental results in mines show that non-contact measurement method can catch the time domain waveforms of power cable transient radiation in the instant of switching operations. Electric-field strength of the electromagnetic radiation field caused by pulse current may reach up to 4 V/m, which has great effect on electromagnetic environment.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 351-354 [Abstract] ( 551 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1106 KB) ( 619 )

	355	Field Distribution and Performance Analysis of the Test Field Acting on EUT Loaded in GTEM Cell Using FDTD Method
		HU Yu-sheng,ZHENG Jie-qing,YANG Rong-bin
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.15
		The field uniformity and dominant TEM mode performance of the test field acting on the equipment under test(EUT)in gigahertz transverse electromagnetic(GTEM)cell were studied. The three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)method was used to model the GTEM cell loaded with a metallic EUT in cartesian coordinates.The calculation and analysis frequency is up to 2 GHz.The field distribution performance of a larger EUT and a small EUT were calculated,and the effects of EUT size on field performance were analyzed.Not only the dominant field component uniformity but also the resultant field strength uniformity was studied.Furthermore,the variation trend of average value for each field component with frequency increasing was provided.The obtained results show that the field uniformity for small EUT is perfect,while for the large EUT the field uniformity will decrease when the working frequency is more than its permitted frequency.The results also show that the cross-polar performance will decrease at high frequencies whether for small EUT or for large EUT,which is caused mainly by the increasing of longitudinal component.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 355-359 [Abstract] ( 591 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1831 KB) ( 538 )

	360	A System Identification Method Based on the Wiener-Hammerstein Model
		BAI Ke-qiang
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.16
		A new identification method for Wiener-Hammerstein model in industrial large-scale systems is proposed.This method combines the decentralized identification of high accuracy advantages of the linear system identification with hybrid particle swarm optimization to solve the nonlinear,non-differentiable,and the complexity of the multi-peak strengths of the composite control,and using dynamic measurement methods in metrology,simulation model of the dynamic measurement is built.Simulation and experimental results show that the application of this method is very effective in the nonlinear distributed parameter systems, and can improve the accuracy of the identification.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 360-363 [Abstract] ( 426 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (621 KB) ( 450 )

	364	Study on the Distributions of Interlaboratory Comparisons Data of Oil Atomic Emission Spectrometer
		LIU Yun-tao,TIAN Hong-xiang,Dong Qing-shan
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.17
		It’s found that part of the data didn’t fit normal distribution in the process of interlaboratory comparisons of oil atomic emission spectroscopies,so that,methods which are based on normal distribution hypothesis,such as Z-test and h-test,couldn’t be used to the data.Based on polluted distribution class model in statistics and the principle of maximum likelihood estimation,the distribution model which based on normal distribution hypothesis were mended.It’s assumed that the non-normal distribution data should fit polluted distributions contained 2 or more normal distributions.And the normal distribution,whose coefficient is the biggest in the polluted distribution,should be considered as the estimated distribution of population.Chi-square test results showed that,of the 4 non-normal distribution elements,there are 3 elements fitted polluted distribution,and the other one didn’t.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 364-367 [Abstract] ( 443 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (309 KB) ( 360 )

	368	Determination of Trace Sodium Iodide in Food Color Additive Erythrosine Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma-mass Spectrometer
		MA Kang,SONG Zeng-Liang,CHAO Jing-bo,WEI Chao,ZHANG Jin-na
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.18
		High performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer method is developed for quantitative determination of trace sodium iodide in food color additive erythrosine.The mobile phase containe methanol and ammonium acetate buffer solution at pH 6.4 and an ODS-C18 column is used to separate sodium iodide with erythrosine.The method quantitative detection limit and detecting limit are respectively 10.0ng/g and 3.0ng/g,linearity range is 10~1 000ng/g ,the precision are in range of 0.37%~0.43% and the recovery is range from 97.5%~99.7%. This method is successfully applicable for use in the determination of trace sodium iodide in real sample,and uncertainty of measured result is evaluated and the uncertainty is 3.9% (k=2).
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 368-371 [Abstract] ( 548 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (401 KB) ( 546 )

	372	Uncertainty Evaluation for Determination of Clenbuterol Residues in Foodstuffs of Animal Origin by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
		CHEN Xiao-xiang,ZOU Yong-de,WANG Chang-an,CHEN Xue-mei,BAI Li-li
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.19
		The uncertainty for determination of clenbuterol residues in foodstuffs of animal origin by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry is described.A mathematic model for measuring clenbuterol residues is established.The uncertainty sources of test results are analyzed.Each component uncertainty is calculated through analyzing.The combined standard uncertainty is obtained and the expanded uncertainty is calculated as 0.030μg/kg while the clenbuterol residue in the sample is 0.513μg/kg.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 372-376 [Abstract] ( 412 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (350 KB) ( 591 )

	377	Determination of Ampicillin and Amoxicillin Residues in Aquatic Product Using Reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography-fluorescence Detection with Pre-column Derivatization
		WANG Ping-ya,ZHOU Yong,HUANG Li1ZHAO Hua,XUE Chao-bo,XU Zhen-jian,FANG Yi,CHEN Zhong-wei
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.20
		A methd is developed for determination of ampicillin and amoxicillin residues in aquatic product using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection with pre-column derivatization.The sample extracts are cleaned up by solid-phase extraction cartridge and then derivatized with derivative agent.The results show that the calibration graphs is linear in the concentration rang of 0.001~0.1 mg/kg（r＝0.999 9）. The detection limit and quantification limit are 0.001 mg/kg（S/N=3） and 0.003 mg/kg（S/N=10） for ampicillin, 0.005 mg/kg（S/N=3） and 0.015 mg/kg（S/N=10） for amoxicillin.The average recoveries are between 76.3%~96.8% with relative standard deviations（RSDs） of 0.63%~6.71%（n=6）. The method is simple,rapid,sensitive and reproducible,it can be used for the routine analysis of the ampicillin and amoxicillin residues in aquatic product.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 377-380 [Abstract] ( 622 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (581 KB) ( 588 )

	381	Prediction of Calibration Interval for Measuring Instrument Using Fuzzy Norm Fusion Model
		SUN Qun,ZHAO Ying,WANG Guo-hua
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.04.21
		Prediction of the measuring instrument calibration interval is a main method to solve insufficient calibration and surplus calibration. Those used prediction models at present only focus on prediction of the instantaneous value. However, the instantaneous value is tough to be predicted precisely due to random factors. For these problems, a fuzzy norm fusion model is proposed to predict calibration intervals under small sample of calibration data. The mathematic model of calibration data is founded, by analyzing historical calibration data and corresponding effect factors. Base on this work, the fuzzy norm fusion model is adopted to predict calibration intervals. The fuzzy norm fusion model conquers the deficiency, which other prediction models only predict the instantaneous value. Experiments show that the fuzzy norm fusion model could reflect the change trend of the system better and have higher prediction reliability.
		2012 Vol. 33 (4): 381-384 [Abstract] ( 434 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (468 KB) ( 594 )

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