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2012 Vol. 33, No. 3
Published: 2012-05-22
 
193 The Establishment of 2m Length Measurement Primary Standard
YE Xiao-you1,GAO Hong-tang,SUN Shuang-hua,ZOU Ling-ding,SHEN Xue-ping, GAN Xiao-chuan,CHANG Hai-tao,ZHANG Xiao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.01
The components and operation principle of 2m length measurement primary standard with laser interferometer is described.On the basis of the line space measurement, two localizing methods are studied for the multifunction applications of length measurement, the measures used to make sure nanometer accuracy are also described.Two opto-electronic microscopes symmetrically mounted are used for synchronously measuring;it can realize 2 m line space measurement with distance length extension between two microscopes.The system has the function of uniform position generating,so it can trigger displacement sensor for dynamic calibration and other applications.For measuring high quality of line scale,the minimum standard deviation of localization of one measurement of the line with good shape may be less than 10nm,the expanded measurement uncertainty is U=(20+40 L) nm （k=2）.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 193-197 [Abstract] ( 498 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1983 KB)  ( 595 )
198 The Method of Dynamic Particle Image Detection Based on Degradation Simulation and Parameter Variability
ZHANG Yan-bin
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.02
The development of oil particle dynamic analysis system is described, and dynamic particle image detection is discussed. On the basis of analyzing degradation theory about dynamic particle image, simulation of degradation of standard debris atlas images is carried out according to the system experimentation parameters, and the particle extraction from degraded image is analyzed and resolved, then the variability of various parameters is studied. At last by means of selecting the parameters with steadiness of degradation, the oil dynamic particle image detection system is developed and comparing with conventional systems more detailed detection and classification are realized.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 198-202 [Abstract] ( 445 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (546 KB)  ( 714 )
203 Development of the Method and Equipment of Defect Detection for Toughened Glass Insulator
WU Hong-tan,SHI Cheng-long,SUN Yue
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.03
A new detection method and its equipment for defects of toughened glass insulators are described.The statistical law of distribution of glass insulator defects and bands of scattered light are analyzed.Based on machine vision technology,a large area ring LED light source is used in the rotary control platform.Canny operator image segmentation and neural network technology are presented in this research in order to overcome the difficulties in defect detections caused by complex shapes of toughened glass insulators and diversity of the defects.The experiment shows this method and equipment can meet the needs of industrial automation production.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 203-205 [Abstract] ( 512 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (662 KB)  ( 768 )
206 Study on Probability Distribution of Constant Temperature Bath Stability Based on the Maximum Entropy Principle
WANG Yang,WANG Xiao-lei,MU Xin-cang,LI Ping
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.04
To resolve the confusion of the constant temperature bath stability probability distribution, tests have been carried out. The maximum entropy principle is used to determine the probability distribution of stability at 0℃, 40℃ and -40℃. Probability density functions at the three temprature points are derived by the modified damp least square method implemented in MATLAB. Results indicate that the distribution of stabality is symmetric single-peak type, values concentrating on the area of 0℃, which is consistent with the results of normal distribution fitting.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 206-211 [Abstract] ( 481 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1651 KB)  ( 595 )
212 Precision Measurement for Feature Length of Cylinder Acoustic Resonator Cavity
REN Guo-ying
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.05
Feature length of acoustic resonator cavity is one of the important parameters when measuring Boltzmann constant with acoustic method. Its measurement uncertainty directly affects the uncertainty of Boltzmann constant k. The development of high-precision measurement system for feature length of acoustic resonance cavity is introduced, its key technology described, and the measurement result with a real time correcting about the environmental parameters is achieved. According to the test data, this measurement system can get the uncertainty of measurement of 0.60μm, standard deviation of 0.20μm in 3 times measurement.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 212-214 [Abstract] ( 423 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (823 KB)  ( 662 )
215 Statistical Model and Processing Method of Slurry Signal for Electromagnetic Sensor
LIANG Li-Ping,XU Ke-Jun,YANG Shuang-Long,ZHANG Ran,WANG Gang,SHI Lei
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.06
To solve the problem of slurry measurement for electromagnetic flowmeter, the statistical signal models of both water flow-rate and slurry are built up by means of probability analysis method so as to reveal their statistical distribution patterns. And then a reconstruction-filter processing method is proposed for EMF to measure slurry. To verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, the slurry experiments are conducted to compare the performance indexes of our system with those of the slurry-type EMF made by Toshiba Company in Japan. The experimental results show that both the processing algorithm and system for slurry developed by us are feasible and effective.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 215-220 [Abstract] ( 565 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (396 KB)  ( 546 )
221 Flexible Multi-functional Tactile Sensor Based on Carbon Fiber Conductive Composites
HUANG Ying,LU Wei,ZHAO Xiao-wen,LIAN Chao,ZHAO Xing
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.07
The sensitive characteristics of carbon fiber composites are analyzed. Based on the good pressure and temperature characteristics of carbon fiber composites, a novel flexible multi-functional tactile sensor for simultaneous detection of pressure and temperature is developed. A mathematical model to calculate the pressure and temperature is constructed based on the different pressure and temperature sensitive characteristics of two type carbon fiber composites. The multi-functional tactile sensor based on the mathematical model is fabricated. According to the sensor calibration and error analysis of experiment results, the design solves the problem of cross-interference for simultaneous detection of pressure and temperature, and achieves multi-function of the sensor.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 221-226 [Abstract] ( 678 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (833 KB)  ( 1386 )
227 Measurement Error Analysis of Novel Homodyne Laser Interferometer
HE Wu-guang,WANG Bao-ting,YANG Chun-ping,KANG Mei-ling,WU Jian
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.08
The measurement principle of novel homodyne laser interferometer is described.The measurement errors of the interferometer caused by fringe width,laser intensity and speckle effect are studied through experiment and theoretical analysis.The results show that the fringe width has little influence on the measured values of the amplitude,and the measurement error is 0.5%.The amplitude measurement error caused by laser intensity changes is 0.5%,and less light will increase measurement error.The amplitude measurement error caused by speckle effect depends on lens parameters,and the measurement error is 0.4%.The novel homodyne laser interferometer can effectively reduce the requirement of the measurement environment in the vibration system.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 227-231 [Abstract] ( 620 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1253 KB)  ( 1186 )
232 A New Method of Machinery Fault Diagnosis Based onMultifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis
WANG Shu-tao,LI Mei-mei,ZHANG Shu-qing,ZHANG Jin-min,ZHAO Yu-chun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.09
Aiming at the complex features of the fault signal of rotating machinery such as nonstationary and nonlinearity, a new method of machinery fault diagnosis based on multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) was introduced. The original signal is proceed by the MF-DFA , then the fractal parameters (the area of multifractal spectrum and multifractal entropy) were extracted as new criterions to diagnose machinery faults. Results of experimental analysis indicate that the method is effective and it provides a new way in fault diagnosis machinery of rotating machinery.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 232-235 [Abstract] ( 456 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (428 KB)  ( 661 )
236 Study on the Mathematical Model of the Calibration Value of Horizontal Oil Tanks
ZHONG Hua,WANG Chao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.10
In order to deal with the problems of longitudinal inclination and lateral deflection of horizontal oil tanks, an integral equation model by analyzing different levels of the oil surface is built up, which illuminates the relationship between the storage volume and oil level, as well as the inclination angle and the deflection angle. The results show that this model comprehensively reflects the real situation which present the calibration value of the oil storage when tank body is displaced, and provides a renewed and feasible solution to the displaced volume table of oil tank.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 236-239 [Abstract] ( 535 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (396 KB)  ( 487 )
240 The Dual-chamber Negative Pressure Method for Dynamic Pressure Calibration of the Shock Tube
YANG Jun,LI Cheng,WANG Wei,FAN Jing
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.11
A dual-chamber negative pressure method(DCNPM) with shock tube was investigated to get micro step pressure. Using CIMM’s 100 mm shock tube and other additional installations, several absolute pressure sensors and micro pressure sensors were tested with DCNPM. The test data indicate that less than 2 kPa step pressure can be get in shock tube with DCNPM and thin paper film, and the step pressure parameters like rise time and flat duration comform to the national metrology regulation. Thereby the technical capability of the existing shock tube is extended. The sensors test results with different static pressure and pressure amplitude were compared, and the resonant frequency and damping ratio increased with the pressure. So it is worth to pay attention in practical calibration and test.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 240-243 [Abstract] ( 466 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (341 KB)  ( 728 )
244 Dynamic Compensation of Micro-silicon AccelerometersBased on Error Whitening and Kalman Filtering
JIANG Nai-Song,LIU Qing
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.12
A dynamic compensator of micro-silicon accelerometer can be modeled with model reference and system identification.The compensator has severely noisy input/output by measurement noise and frequency response of compensator.Conventional techniques based on the mean squared-error criterion can at best provide a biased parameter estimate of the unknown system being modeled with noisy input/output.The output of compensator has severely distortion and noisy disturbance by biased parameter and widened frequency band. A new approach to solve the problem of compensator parameter estimation and noisy disturbance is proposed.With this approach,the parameter of the compensator is optimized by the error whitening criterion,according to the measurement data of the step response of the sensor and reference model. At the same time, Kalman filter is constructed with reference mode for eliminating the high frequency effects.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 244-248 [Abstract] ( 560 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (515 KB)  ( 539 )
249 Compensation of Quantization Error in Staircase Waveform Generated by DAC
LU Zu-liang,HUANG Lu, YANG Yan
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.13
The quantization error is an important factor when the fundamental component of the staircase waveform generated by DAC is applied in precision measurement. Based on the perfect converting, the impact of this kind of the quantization error is analyzed, and compensation for lower uncertainty is proposed. An experiment is reported to check the possibility and effect of the compensation. The characteristics of this quantization error are presented.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 249-254 [Abstract] ( 429 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (992 KB)  ( 391 )
255 A New Microcalorimeter Design and Evaluation Method Based on Temperature Correction
CUI Xiao-hai,TAO Yi,LI Yong,ZHU Da-cheng
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.14
A new evaluation method based on thermal isolation section waveguide temperature change measurement is provided, and further description of microcalorimeter design based on this method is described.This method corrects the effective efficiency error come from the thermal isolation section dissipated rf power by its temperature change measurement.It doesn’t need the scatter parameter measurement which is the main uncertainty source.This method gets rid of the uncertainty source from the theory.Finally,the temperature change curve of thermal isolation section is provided, which verifies the method is feasible.The measurement result of the thermal isolation section temperature test shows the theory be correct.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 255-258 [Abstract] ( 443 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (626 KB)  ( 938 )
259 FPGA Implementation of PLL Based on CORDIC Algorithm
WANG Yu-liang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.15
According to the principle of digital phase locked loop (DPLL) based on CORDIC algorithm,the numerically controlled oscillator and loop filter of DPLL are thoroughly researched and designed for the Silicon Micro-machined Gyroscope (SMG) drive mode.On account of the feature that the loop filter parameters of the DPLL have a contradictory impact on the speed and frequency accuracy of the DPLL,a solution is proposed to resolve that conflict,which can change loop filter parameters in the different work period of the DPLL.Detailed simulations of the solution and DPLL based on CORDIC algorithm are done in Simulink and DSPbuilder.Then the hardware of the digital signal processing circuit with the core of FPGA (EP3C16) is designed and debugged.Finally,performance tests of the loop designed are carried out,the results prove that the loop designed could have satisfied the frequency stability need of the SMG drive mode.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 259-265 [Abstract] ( 686 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2194 KB)  ( 1254 )
266 Instantaneous Frequency Measurement Based on APHHT
ZHOU Yun,LI Shi-ping,LUO Peng,ZHOU Qiu-ping
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.16
All phase spectrum analysis can effectively suppress the leakage of spectrum and optimize the system performance,the gordian technique of this method is the data preprocessing based on all phase. This data preprocessing method was used to measure the instantaneous frequency (IF) based on HHT, and an instantaneous frequency measurement based on all phase HHT (APHHT) was proposed. The algorithm of data preprocessing based on all phase and HHT were analyzed, the signal was first preprocessed by all phase then IF was achieved by HHT. This method is an algorithm for optimizing the system performance, which would not raise the complex of the calculation greatly. Through computer simulation on a non-stationary signal, it can be verified that IF based on APHHT has a small variance, which means it has a higher accuracy.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 266-271 [Abstract] ( 580 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1907 KB)  ( 683 )
272 Experiments on the Phase-locked Loop Contribution on Specifications of the Masers
XIE Yan,CAI Yong,ZHANG Wei-qun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.17
Based on the new generation analog-digital mixed phase-locked loop and SOHM-4 maser of Shanghai Observatory, the experiments mainly analyzed the contribution brought by parameters of phase-locked loop to both the short-term frequency stability and the signal-side-band phase noise of the output signal of the hydrogen masers. By theoretical analysis and experimental verification, the best loop parameters matching with the specific maser of high Q value is explored. Results showed that the parameter setting of phase-locked loop could definitely influence specifications of the masers output signal. And the improved phase-locked loop and main electronic system could upgrade the frequency stability of the maser to 1.7×10-13/1s, 3.3×10-14/10s, 9.1×10-15/100s, 2.9×10-15/1000s, 1.4×10-15/10000s,half-amplitude upper to the former specifications in each sample time.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 272-277 [Abstract] ( 465 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1509 KB)  ( 504 )
278 Development and Certification of 2.3.4-trichloroanisoles Certified Reference Material
MA Kang,ZHANG Jin-na,WANG Hai-feng,ZHAO Min,HE Ya-juan
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.18
A method for development and certification of certified reference material of 2,3,4-trichloroanisoles is presented.According to analysis procedure of homogeneity, 11 bottles of sample are taken from 500 bottles at random, and the result is validated by F-test and T-test statistical methods. The stability inspection is carried on short-term(1 month) and long-term(12 months), the result indicated that the period for 2,3,4-trichloroanisoles of storage is 12 months at 20℃.The purity of 2,3,4-trichloroanisoles are determined by two methods of different principles, which are high performance liquid chromatography method and differential scanning calorimetry method.The qualitative analysis of main impurity is determined with standard addition by liquid chromatography with photo-diode array and the impurity is 2,3,6-trichloroanisoles; The content of water in 2,3,4-trichloroanisoles is measured by Karl-Fischer titrator with drying oven. The uncertainty of HPLC and DSC methods are respectively evaluated. The certified result is 99.56% and expanded uncertainty is 0.40%（k=2）.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 278-283 [Abstract] ( 588 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (706 KB)  ( 387 )
284 The Statistical Control Methods of the Simplified Measurement Process
FAN Qiao-cheng,TIAN Jing,ZHU Fu,ZHANG Hong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2012.03.19
The set-up of Shewhart control charts control limits of average value has greater limitation for measurement standards or measuring equipments. According to the characteristic of measurement standards or measuring equipments, a simplified statistical control method is proposed. It omits the standard deviation control chart or R control chart.According to the values of standard cleviation of testing results, it provides the method to determine minimum measurement times for sub-group and the control limits of average value can set-up with standard deviation of all sub-group average values.Otherwise,it also provides the judging criterion of abnormality of average value control chart which can be simplified to three types, that reduces the workload of statistical control greatly and advantages to the popularity for measurement process statistical control method.
2012 Vol. 33 (3): 284-288 [Abstract] ( 431 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (642 KB)  ( 670 )
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