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2015 Vol. 36, No. 2
Published: 2015-03-22
 
113 Research on Image Processing in Parallel Confocal Measurement with DMD
YU Qing,YU Xiao-fen,CUI Chang-cai,YE Rui-fang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.01
In parallel confocal measurement, the optical divide devices (ODDs) are used to divide the incident light into lots of beams; however, the parameters of ODDs are fixed, which cause bad adaptability to different measured objects. As digital micromirror device (DMD) was introduced into parallel confocal measurement, the point light array, which is very important in parallel confocal measurement, could be designed flexibly to be applied in different measuring situations.A spatial light modulation model of DMD was deduced, and this model indicated that “Talbot Effect” would not influence the parallel confocal measurement. A telecentric optical path was introduced to restrain the drift of point light array, and then a parallel confocal measurement device based on DMD was established; two kinds of image processing were proposed and compared, and the experiment results indicated that, the axial resolution was affected without objective lens group of high numerical aperture, however the surface topography of specimen could be acquired quickly and accurately by the designed image processing.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 113-117 [Abstract] ( 806 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1293 KB)  ( 749 )
118 Research of On-machine Verification System for Five-axis Machining Center
HE Gai-yun,YU Guan-min,MA Wen-kui,ZHU Li-min
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.02

To avoid repetitive position error between the machining and the detection, an on-machine verification (OMV) system for complex spatial profile is researched.By applying touch trigger probe system to five-axis machining center and analyzing the corresponding kinematic model of OMV system, the post process program has been made out.In consideration of the efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm, the traditional traveling salesman problem is treated as an optimal matching problem for partial quick solution, and an overall optimal measurement path can be achieved subsequently.Meanwhile, a method is proposed to check the interference during the detection, and means of graphics intersection is adopted to avoid incorrect collisions in advance.An OMV process of surface on “S” specimen has been implemented and the obtained deviation is compared with another set of data measured on a coordinate measuring machine.It is found that the former reduces the coefficient of variation by 7.3% relative to the latter under the overall consistency condition.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 118-122 [Abstract] ( 573 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3691 KB)  ( 669 )
123 Application of Differential Evolutionary Algorithm for Evaluation of Roundness Error
WANG Dong-xia,SONG Ai-guo,WEN Xiu-lan
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.03
In order to compute roundness error accurately and rapidly, the minimum zone roundness error based on a differential evolution intelligent optimization algorithm is proposed. The fundamental principle of differential evolution algorithm and implementation steps of population initialization, mutation, crossover and selection of this algorithm are introduced. Then, the mathematical model for using the differential evolution to solve the minimum zone roundness error is formulated. In order to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm, many experiments have been conducted and comparisons with other algorithms have been made. The results verify that the errors computed by the proposed method are not only less than that of the least square method and the standard genetic algorithm, but also the computation result is stable and the speed is rapid. The experimental indicated that the differential evolution for evaluating the minimum zone roundness error has very strong self-adaptive ability, better global convergence and high stability and it is suitable for rapid evaluation of high precision roundness error.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 123-127 [Abstract] ( 663 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (733 KB)  ( 788 )
128 Interpolation Technology Research of CNC
YU Bo,YU Zheng-lin,GU Li-dong,ZHOU Jia-he,QU Chao-ping
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.04
A new kind of numerial control (NC) interpolation technology-speed interpolation is proposed, to meet the requirements of the modern NC machining for high accuracy and efficiency.Speed interpolation abandoned the movement pattern which traditional interpolation relies solely on the begin and end of the fitting line to ensure the machining accuracy, instead, with the whole feed rate monotone and micro-precision curve merged fitting as the core idea, cooperating with PVT theory, precision and high efficiency of NC machining can be realized.Laboratory simulation and practical application shows that the machine tool which bases on speed interpolation not only to avoid the frequent start-stop movements in the manufacturing process, but also to ensure the smooth running of the machine tool.As a result, the processing of profile accuracy and surface roughness can be micron magnitude, and the processing efficiency is improved.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 128-131 [Abstract] ( 641 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (765 KB)  ( 1296 )
132 Study on the Techniques of Camera Calibration in the Trinocular Stereo Photogrammetry System
FAN Ya-bing,HUANG Gui-ping,YAO Si-yuan,REN Zheng-gui
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.05
Aimed at the problems that it is lack of the study on camera calibration of more-cameras stereo photogrammetry,and it is no way to satisfy the need of the high precision industrial measurement via the reliability and stability and the precision of the presently technique. Base on the quaternions theory and coplanarity equation,and the new techniques of camera calibration in the trinocular stereo photogrammetry system is proposed,which efficaciously resolves the question of the real-time high precision calibration in industrial field measurement,and the measurement precision of calculated object points coordinates (RMS) is better than ±2mm,the distance precision is better than ±3mm in the test.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 132-135 [Abstract] ( 835 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (637 KB)  ( 1574 )
136 Estimation Method of the Effect on the Transition Temperature ofthe Trace Impurities in Freezing Point of Zinc Based on the Scheil Equation
SUN Jian-ping,DENG Xiao-long,ZHANG Jin-tao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.06
Trace impurities in the defining fixed-point metals are usually the most significant source of uncertainty in the realization of ITS-90.A mathematical model is built based on the Scheil equation from the solidification theory to estimate the trace impurities effect on the phase transition temperature of freezing point. The national primary standards of temperature of the fixed point of zinc is studied, the least squares method is used to fit experimental data to estimate the impurities effect on the phase transition temperature. The validity of this method would be proved by chemical analysis. The results show that the phase transition temperature of the zinc freezing point is 0.56 mK higher than the phase transition temperature of the ideal pure zinc since the impurities present, and the higher concentrations of the Ag and Cu in the zinc prove the validity of this method.The foreground of application of this method is better than SIE and OME methods.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 136-140 [Abstract] ( 756 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (907 KB)  ( 503 )
141 Simulation and Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Cylindrical Resonator
CAI Jie,LIN hong,FENG Xiao-juan,YIN Zhao-wei,ZHANG Jin-tao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.07
The deformations under different bolt pre-tightening forces and natural frequencies have been simulated by finite element analysis with ABAQUS. The natural frequency of the cylindrical resonator was also measured. The simulate results agreed very well with the experimental data which can be used to predict the shell motion perturbations and analyze resonant frequency of different modes.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 141-144 [Abstract] ( 581 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (473 KB)  ( 975 )
145 Primary Low g Shock Acceleration Calibration Using Laser Interferometry
SUN Qiao,WANG Jian-lin,HU Hong-bo,BAI Jie
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.08
The current situation of low g shock is introduced with three types of shock exciters described. The measuring theory and system set-up using laser interferometry is explained in accordance with ISO 16063-13 with the emphasis on key technology of signal demodulation algorithm and air-bearing shock exciter based on collision. According to calibration results, the primary shock calibration system can achieve expanded uncertainty of 1%, k=2, in the acceleration range from 20m/s2 to 10000 m/s2 and pulse duration from 0.5ms to 10ms.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 145-148 [Abstract] ( 542 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (399 KB)  ( 609 )
149 Tension Control Study of Aluminum Hot Tandem Rolling Based on Immune Clone Algorithm and Radical Basis Function Neural Network
ZHAO Xin-qiu,MENG Qing-gang,YANG He,YANG Jing-ming
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.09
Aimed at the tension variation during transforming process of "1+4" aluminum hot tandem rolling unit in one factory of Henan, the factors affecting tension variation are analyzed, the tension forming process was simulated and the control system diagrams was constructed. Due to normal PID controller could not meet the requirement of the system, so using immune clone algorithm to optimize PID controller parameters, the mixed control of radical basis function neural network coupled with PID was proposed to solve the problem of online parameters control. By simulation, it could be found that the use of immune clone algorithm and radical basis function significantly reduced surplus adjustment, transition time, and tension coupling degree among stands was also reduced.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 149-153 [Abstract] ( 548 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (387 KB)  ( 582 )
154 The Research of Mathematical Models in BIPM/CIPM Key Comparison CCM.FF-K4.2.2011 Volume Comparison at 100 μL
TONG Lin,WANG Jin-tao,LIU Zi-yong,WEI Kai,ZHANG Long,GUO Li-gong,ZHAO Xiao-hui
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.10
According the key comparison found that the atmospheric pressure has a great impact on the pipette calibration results, and after pressure correction there is a better consistency in report. On the other hand the micropipette reliability is the major source of uncertainty on the total calibration uncertainty through a lot of laboratory tests. Finally the mathematical models are proven to be accurate and reliable through a numerical example based on the key comparison, and they could be used in calibration and data processing for micropipettes.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 154-157 [Abstract] ( 639 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (378 KB)  ( 715 )
158 Research on the Correction Method of Dynamic-static Error for the Statically Calibration of the Manometry Copper Cylinder
WANG Fang,KONG De-ren,Li Li-ping
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.11
The serious dynamic-static discrepancy will be caused when the copper cylinders which calibrated statically are used to measure the dynamic pressure. The application characteristics of copper cylinders statically calibrated by the pressure measuring method of the second pre-pressure are analyzed detailed. Taking 8mm×13mm copper cylinders for instance, in order to reduce or eliminate the dynamic-static discrepancy; dimensional analysis and similarity theory are used to establish the correction equation. The measuring results had been corrected and the correction method has been put forward to reduce the measuring discrepancy of the copper cylinders statically calibrated, which can improve the accuracy of the measuring, and at the same time recover a large number of measuring results of copper cylinders statically calibrated. The research provides credible pressure data for various types of weapons and ammunitions.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 158-161 [Abstract] ( 503 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (396 KB)  ( 583 )
162 Study on the Effect of Humidity on the Standard Bell Porvers of Gas Flow by Volumetric Method
XIANG De-hua,LI Ning,ZHU Ning
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.12
The effect of humidity on oil seal of standard bell porvers of gas flow by volumetric method is analysed to establish the mathematical model of the influence of humidity on the standard volume. The measures of improving volumetric method is put forward to assess measurement uncertainty of the new method. The influence of temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure on the test results is proved. It is showed that test conditions of the verification method must be strictly controlled and corrected on the humidity. The verification seal porvers by size method is recommended.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 162-165 [Abstract] ( 648 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (300 KB)  ( 742 )
166 Experimental Research of Push-echo and Hydrophone Methods for Measurement of Sound Field of Ultrasonic Transducers
HAN Ming-sheng,YANG Ping
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.13
When the frequency range of ultrasonic transducers is less 10MHz, experimental researches, used the pulse-echo and hydrophone methods introduced in the ASTM E1065, has compared the consistency of two methods for measurement of sound field parameters of the plane ultrasonic transducers and the focused transducers. Used the reasonable diameters of the small balls, the experiments show well consistency of pulse-echo and hydrophone methods for measurement of sound field parameters of ultrasonic transducers, but the hydrophone method is a method of measurement traceability in evaluation and calibration of ultrasonic transducers.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 166-170 [Abstract] ( 577 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2348 KB)  ( 846 )
171 18～26.5 GHz Power Density Standard System
LI Jin-yuan,XIE Ming
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.14
The 18～26.5 GHz power density standard system developed at the National Institute of Metrology of China is presented,with the stress on the improvements in the system, compared to the existing 1～18 GHz one, which include the determinations of the horn gain and the net power, the suppression of harmonics, and the performance improvement and the validation of the site.The reliability of the system is verified by measuring the site voltage standing wave ratio and probe linearity. The comparison with the 1～18 GHz system shows that the two systems agree well at 18 GHz, which indicates the accuracy of the 18～26.5 GHz system. A preliminary evaluation of the uncertainty of calibrations is also presented, and the expanded uncertainty is 0.48 dB(k=2).
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 171-175 [Abstract] ( 511 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1126 KB)  ( 511 )
176 Absolute Measurement Method for Electrolytic Conductivity Solution Based on Van Der Pauw Theory
LIN Zhen,ZHANG Xiao,WEI Jia-li,WANG Xiao-ping,YU Xiang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.15
The application of Van Der Pauw theory to solution electrical conductivity measurement is proposed innovatively, a closed four-electrode conductivity cell is designed. A micro AC current source is used to provide excitation signals,control circuit is used to process signals and communicate with computer.A series of experiments are carried out to study the influence factors of Van Der Pauw method.The tests of the reference materials proved the measurement range of the method is 0~40 mS/cm,the measurement error is under ±1%,which can be used for primary standard methods.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 176-180 [Abstract] ( 558 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (747 KB)  ( 1161 )
181 Wind Speed Prediction Based on EEMD Analysis and AR Modeling
HE Qun,ZHAO Wen-shuang,JIANG Guo-qian,XIE Ping
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.16
Aiming at the non-stationary and nonlinear of wind speed sequences ,an integrated method based on EEMD and AR modeling is proposed. The wind speed time series are firstly pretreated by EEMD and decomposed into a series of relatively smooth IMF components, highlighting the local characteristics of the original sequences. Then each IMF component is modeled and forecasted using AR modeling, thus reducing the difficulty of modeling and forecast costs. Eventually, the prediction results of each component are taken for integration by the least square method to get the right values. A set of wind speed data from some wind farm are verified and the results show that compared with the single AR modeling prediction and forecast based on EMD and AR integration, the proposed method can effectively improve the prediction accuracy.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 181-186 [Abstract] ( 667 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (770 KB)  ( 896 )
187 Effects of Dislocation of Multiple Coaxial Coils on Magnetic Field
LIU Xue-ping,DONG Quan-lin,ZHAO Wei-xia,ZHANG Chun-xi
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.17
The magnetic field distribution varies with the dislocation of multiple coaxial coils. The basic Biot-Savart Law and the superposition theorem is applied to work out the calculation formulas of the magnetic field. Furthermore, the numerical solution of the variation magnetic induction were calculated using MATLAB, and the field plots were drew. Based on these, the effects of the coil winding rules on the magnetic field distribution is judged and reasonable theory suggests about the magnetic field incentive is given. Calculation results show that the variation of axial magnetic induction is the order of 10-11T, and the relative change of magnetic field on center plan is less than 1%, while the ration of coil offset and average radius is not more than 0.04.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 187-192 [Abstract] ( 531 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3008 KB)  ( 878 )
193 Analysis on the Crosstalk of the Dual Channel Attenuation Measurement System
GAO Qiu-lai
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.18
An analytical model of the crosstalk for the dual channel of attenuation measurement system is derived through analysis on the principle of a double balanced mixer. An experiment of measuring the crosstalk of a dual channel of attenuation measurement system is carried out. The analytical result is in fare agreement with the measurement data. Based on the analytical result, the isolation of the local oscillator channel should be larger than 120 dB in order to make the uncertainty of the crosstalk less than 0.01 dB at measurement range of 100 dB. The analytical model is of useful value for the establishment of the dual channel of attenuation measurement system and assessment of uncertainty of the crosstalk.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 193-196 [Abstract] ( 474 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (676 KB)  ( 575 )
197 Test Generation Algorithm of Neural Networks Based on the PSO
YANG Shen-tao, LIU Wen-bo
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.19
With the constant improvement of the scale and complexity of integrated circuit,how to efficiently generate test vector is becomed the key to digital circuit board fault detection. Based on the analysis of the automatic test vector generation questions, the mathematical model of circuit under test by using neural network is built, which convert the test vector generation problems into math problems, and puts forward a kind of efficient particle swarm optimization algorithm for solving the problems. VC++ programming tool is used to realize the proposed approach.Some of the international standard circuits ISCAS '85 are carried on the experiment.The experiment data shows that the fault coverage is up to 100%,the test time for small-scale single-fault circuit is reduced by 13% compared with reference, the large-scale circuit test time reduction of 61%, and the larger the circuit scale and reduce the time more obvious.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 197-201 [Abstract] ( 542 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (487 KB)  ( 668 )
202 An Improved Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization Node Localization Algorithm
GUO Rui,WANG Xuan,LIN Si-jian,ZHAI Ya-kun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.20
For improving the convergence rate and localization accuracy of particle swarm optimization localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks, the chaos mutation is introduced into the algorithm to enhance the efficiency of local search capabilities, and improved particle swarm optimization algorithm inertia weight settings to improve the localization speed and accuracy. Simulation results show that the algorithm was stable with high localization speed and accuracy, and is a feasible node localization scheme in WSN.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 202-206 [Abstract] ( 481 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2098 KB)  ( 907 )
207 Entropic Stochastic Resonance Driven by Square-wave Signal and Asymmetric Dichotomous Noise
ZHAO Xin,OU Jian
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.21
The entropic stochastic resonance (ESR) in a confined system driven by asymmetric dichotomous noise, white noise, and a square-wave signal is investigated. Under the adiabatic approximation condition, the expression of the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is obtained. It is shown that the SNR is a non-monotonic function of the strength and asymmetry of the dichotomous noise, of the intensity of the white noise, and the amplitude of the square-wave signal. Moreover, the SNR varies non-monotonously with the increase of the parameters of the confined structure. The influence of the correlation rate of the dichotomous noise on the SNR is also discussed.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 207-211 [Abstract] ( 499 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3181 KB)  ( 571 )
212 The High Precision Frequency Measurement Method for Low SNR Sinusoidal Signal
TAN Chao,ZHU Bin-xin
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.22
The effect of noise to frequency measurements on the condition of lowSNR is studied, on the basis of multi-cycle synchronization frequency measurement, method of an multi-multi-cycle synchronization frequency measurement is put forward and the formula of frequency measurement & error calculation is deduced.At the end, the implementation method and calculationformula based on STM32 MCU are given.Experimentresult shows that for the low SNR sinusoidal signal, the method introduced can effectively suppress noise, and increases the accuracy of frequency measurement.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 212-215 [Abstract] ( 585 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2369 KB)  ( 952 )
216 An Experimental Study for the Double-vacuum Active Hydrogen Maser
WANG Wen-ming,CHEN Xiang,ZHANG Wei-qun,CAI Yong,YANG Hao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.23
The recent research of SHAOs new double-vacuum- structured active hydrogen maser to achieve its miniaturization is described. Compared with SOHM-4 active hydrogen maser,its physical size and weight are substantially decreased,the magnetic sensitivity and temperature sensitivity are improved,the long-term frequency stability and day frequency drift are better than expected.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 216-220 [Abstract] ( 492 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4000 KB)  ( 411 )
221 The 60MN Build-up Force Delivery System Based on Compensating Structure
CHI Hui
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2015.02.24
For needs of the force value comparison of 60MN force standard machine,the 60MN build-up system is studied. Through theoretical and numerical simulation, analysis on the lateral force distribution and the effect on the compensating structure to the lateral force is analysed, and the validation through the experiment and the international force value comparison is carried out. The results show that using compensating structure can not only reducing the lateral force which is passed on to each load sensor, but also can evenly distribute the lateral force to each load sensor, thus reducing the rotating effect. Reasonable compensating structure design can make the build-up system to have a stable mechanical properties, meet the requirements of both international great force value comparison and the domestic quantity traceability of measuring performance.
2015 Vol. 36 (2): 221-224 [Abstract] ( 465 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (514 KB)  ( 501 )
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