The anti-skid braking system components based on the piezoelectric valve and train axle control is introduced, and the testing platform of the anti-skid braking system is designed. The temperature compensation of the silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor are researched, in order to meet the needs of stable long-term of outdoor. The velocity sensor based on Hall effect is chosen to measure the speed of the train. The method of characteristic parameters of the fingerprint identification is put forward , and applied to speed sensor of the online fault diagnosis. The piezoelectric valve is also used as the new pneumatic control components and wide ambient temperature applicability of the piezoelectric valve is verified. The speed control system of the gear made it possible for the simulation testing platform to simulate the status of a train. It can simulate train braking, emergency braking, anti-slip protection, fault diagnostics and other functions.