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| Influence of Upstream Turbulence Intensity on the Discharge Coefficient of Sonic Nozzle |
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Abstract The discharge coefficient serves as a crucial parameter for the sonic nozzle, typically be determined through experimental flow calibration. Usually the turbulence intensity in the upstream of critical nozzle that works as meter under test or reference meter could be different. However, the influence of turbulence intensity on the discharge coefficient has not been investigated. Numerical simulation was performed on sonic nozzles with throat diameters of 46.62 mm, 43.09 mm, 30.46 mm, 21.54 mm and 15.26 mm. By examining the critical flow in the nozzle throat under different upstream turbulence intensity, the investigation was conducted into the effects of turbulence intensity on the discharge coefficient of sonic nozzles. The result indicates that upstream turbulence intensity affects the velocity and density distribution at the throat of the sonic nozzle. When the upstream turbulence intensity increases from 1% to 30%, both the average velocity and density at the throat of the sonic nozzle decrease, resulting in a maximum decrease of 0.013% in the discharge coefficient. Furthermore, there is difference in the influence of upstream turbulence intensity on sonic nozzles with different throat diameters. For larger throat diameters of sonic nozzles, as upstream turbulence intensity increases, the velocity and density near the boundary layer region in the nozzle throat decrease more rapidly, resulting in a more significant influence of upstream turbulence intensity on the discharge coefficient.
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Received: 17 October 2023
Published: 19 March 2025
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2025, Vol. 46 
