|
|
The Influence of the Adiabatic Properties of Cryostats on the Realization of the Equilibrium Hydrogen Triple Point |
YE Xi-hui1,2,YU Ying2,XING Li2,FENG Xiao-juan2,ZHANG Jin-tao2,QIU Ping2,SUN Jian1 |
1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China;
2. Devision of Thermal Metrology Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China |
|
|
Abstract The triple point of equilibrium hydrogen (13.8033K) is one of the cryogenic fixed points with the lowest temperature specified in ITS-90 and is commonly used for the calibration of capsule standard platinum resistance thermometers(CSPRTs). A cryogen-free cryostat has been used to improve the national primary temperature standard, which can provide an ideal adiabatic environment for the realization of equilibrium hydrogen of sealed triple point, and to perform experiments of realization using calorimetry. Pre-melting of the triple point vessel due to spin-conversion catalysts of equilibrium hydrogen and differences between experimental assembling can lead to variety in the heat capacity of the vessel or the thermal resistance of the system, which can affect the realization. A heat transfer model of the system was developed and experiments were carried out under two different adiabatic conditions. The heat capacity of the assembly and the thermal resistance of the adiabatic shield and assembly were measured and the influence of the adiabatic properties of the cryostat on the realization of triple point of equilibrium hydrogen was analyzed. The results show that by measuring the thermal resistance before the start of the realization and confirming that the system has good adiabatic properties, the standard deviation of four plateau of triple point of equilibrium hydrogen is less than 0.1mK.
|
Received: 30 March 2023
Published: 10 October 2023
|
|
Fund:National Key R&D Program of China |
|
|
|
[6] |
Fellmuth B. Temperature its measurement and control in science and industry[M]. New York: American Institute of Physics, 2003.
|
[17] |
郭乃宁, 蔡宝凤, 任闽, 等. 用密封式三相点容器复现氩、氮、氧、氖与平衡氢三相点 [J]. 计量学报, 1989, 10(3): 202-206.
|
[9] |
Nakano T, Tamura O,Sakurai H, et al. Proceedings: TEMPMEKO 2004: 9th International Symposium on Temperature and Thermal Measurements in Industry and Science [M]. Zagreb: Laboratory for Process Measurement, 2005.
|
[14] |
Ferri D, Ichim D, Pavese F, et al. A Closed-cycle Refrigerator for Realizing Low-Temperature Fixed Points [C]//2nd Seminar on Low-Temperature Thermometry. Wroclaw, Poland, 2003: 102-107.
|
[18] |
刘扬, 武荷莲, 黄宁生, 等. ITS-90(13. 8~273. 16K)国家温度基准组和工作基准组的建立 [J]. 计量学报, 1994, 15(3): 175-180.
|
[2] |
Fellmuth B, Mendez-Lango E, Nakano T, et al. Guide to the Realization of the ITS-90: Cryogenic Fixed Points [EB/OL]. 2018 [2023-03-29]. https: //www.bipm.org/en/committees/cc/cct/guides-to-thermometry.
|
[4] |
Pavese F, Ancsin J, Astrov D N, et al. An international intercomparison of fixed points by means of sealed cells in the range 13.81K~90.686K [J]. Metrologia, 1984, 20(4): 127-144.
|
[8] |
Nakano T, Tamura O,Sakurai H. Consultative Committee for Thermometry Working Documents of the 22nd Meeting (BIPM) Document CCT/03-08 [EB/OL]. 2003 [2023-03-29]. https: //www.bipm.org/en/committees/cc/cct/meetings.
|
[11] |
Pavese F. Methods for the assessment of correction for chemical-impurity effects and related uncertainty in ITS-90 fixed points, namely of e-H2, Ne, O2 and Ar [J]. Metrologia, 2011, 48(5): 268-274.
|
[12] |
Peruzzi A, Bosma R, Van den Hark J. The Dutch National Realization of the ITS-90 over the Range 13. 8033K-273. 16K [J]. International Journal of Thermophysics, 2007, 28(6): 1882-1892.
|
[13] |
Yang I, Song C H, Kim Y G, et al. Cryostat for Fixed-Point Calibration of Capsule-Type SPRTs [J]. International Journal of Thermophysics, 2011, 32(11-12): 2351-2359.
|
[15] |
Sparasci F, Pitre L, Rouillé G, et al. An adiabatic calorimeter for the realization of the ITS-90 in the cryogenic range at the LNE-CNAM [J]. International Journal of Thermophysics, 2011, 32(1-2): 201-214.
|
|
Liu Y, Wu H L, Huang N S, et al. Establishment of the Primary Standard and Working Standard of Temperature According to ITS-90 Between 13. 8K and 273. 16K [J]. Acta Metrologica Sinica, 1994, 15(3): 175-180.
|
|
Zhu P F, Qu J F, Sun J P, et al. An Automated System for Realizing the Triple Point of Equilibrium Hydrogen Based on Closed-cycle Refrigerator [J]. Acta Metrologica Sinica, 2018, 39(1): 28-32.
|
[20] |
Fellmuth B, Wolber L. Investigation of the parameters of sealed triple-point cells for cryogenic gases [J]. International Journal of Thermophysics, 2011, 32(1-2): 161-172.
|
[22] |
Steele A G, Fellmuth B, Head D I, et al. CCT-K2: key comparison of capsule-type standard platinum resistance thermometers from 13.8K to 273.16K [J]. Metrologia, 2002, 39(6): 551-571.
|
[1] |
Preston-Thomas H. The International Temperature Scale of 1990(ITS-90) [J]. Metrologia, 1990, 27(1): 3-10.
|
[3] |
Pearce J V, Steur P P, Joung W, et al. Guide to the Realization of the ITS-90-Metal Fixed Points for Contact Thermometry [EB/OL]. 2021 [2023-03-29].https: //www.bipm.org/en/committees/cc/cct/guides-to-thermometry.
|
[5] |
Mangum B W, Bloembergen P, Chattle M V, et al. On the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). Part II: Recommended techniques for comparisons, at the highest level of accuracy, of fixed-point cells used for contact thermometry [J]. Metrologia, 1999, 36(2): 79-88.
|
[7] |
Fellmuth B, Head D, Pavese F, et al. Proceedings: Tempmeko 2001: 8th International Symposium on Temperature and Thermal Measurements in Industry and Science [M]. Berlin: VDE-Verlag, 2002.
|
[10] |
Fellmuth B, Wolber L, Hermier Y, et al. Isotopic and other influences on the realization of the triple point of hydrogen [J]. Metrologia, 2005, 42(4): 171-193.
|
[19] |
朱鹏飞, 屈继峰, 孙建平, 等. 基于闭环制冷机的平衡氢三相点复现装置 [J]. 计量学报, 2018, 39(1): 28-32.
|
[16] |
Shimazaki T, Toyoda K, Tamura O. Gifford-McMahon/Joule-Thomson cryocooler with high-flow-conductance counterflow heat exchanger for use in resistance thermometer calibration [J]. Review of scientific instruments, 2006, 77(3): 034902.
|
|
Guo N N, Cai B F, Ren M, et al. Realization of the Triple Point of Argon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Neon and Equilibrium in Sealed Cells [J]. Acta Metrologica Sinica, 1989, 10(3): 202-206.
|
[21] |
Fellmuth B. New protocol for the realization of the triple points of cryogenic gases as temperature fixed points [C]//AIP Conference Proceedings. 2013, 1552(1): 174-179.
|
|
|
|