Research Progress on the Conversion Factor of Quantity Value for Genetically Modified Organism Quantification
LIU Yuanyuan1,LI Jiali2,JI Shuaishuai1,GAO Yunhua3,LIU Danmei1,WANG Di3
1. College of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, China
2. College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
3. Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
Abstract The quantitative results of GM content determined by PCR-based technology are mainly copy number ratio, whereas the labeling regulation specified that the quantitative result must be expressed in the form of a mass fraction. The lack of consistency in measurement unit hinders direct decision-making based on test results. It is urgent to investigate the quantity value relationship between the two measurement scales, and establish a methodology for determining the “conversion factor” value, thus ensuring the direct comparison between quantitative results and labeling threshold. The international labeling systems of genetically modified product are summarized, key affect factors for determining the “conversion factor” and characterization method established by the European Union are systematically analyzed, and the importance of conducting the relevant study in China is also discussed. This review can provide reference for the effective implementation of the labeling system in China.
LIU Yuanyuan,LI Jiali,JI Shuaishuai, et al. Research Progress on the Conversion Factor of Quantity Value for Genetically Modified Organism Quantification[J]. Acta Metrologica Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 922-928.
LI Y, PENG Y, HALLERMAN E M, et al. Biosafety management and commercial use of genetically modified crops in China ［J］. Plant Cell Rep, 2014; 33(4): 565-573.
YU T, CAO S L, ZHANG J G, et al. Global overview of commercial cultivation of genetically modified crops (1996—2018)［J］. China Seed Industry, 2020(1): 13-16.
［40］
International Organization for Standardization. General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories: ISO/IEC 17025: 2005 ［S］. 2015.
［4］
POTT A, OTTO M, SCHULZ R. Impact of genetically modified organisms on aquatic environments: Review of available data for the risk assessment ［J］. Sci Total Environ, 2018, 635: 687-698.
CHE L C. Research on the Legal Regulation of International Trade in Genetically Modified Foods: A Review of International Research on Genetically Modified Food Safety Legislation［J］. Journal of Food Safety and Quality Testing, 2022, 13(20): 6791-6793.
KANG Y L, ZHU T, MA X C. Comparison of genetically modified organism safety regulatory systems between China and the United States［J］. Life World, 2018 (9): 6-7
BORGES B J P, ARANTES O M N, FERNANDES A A R, et al. Genetically Modified Labeling Policies: Moving Forward or Backward?［J］. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2018, 6: 181.
ZHANG Z M. Research on labeling threshold issues of genetically modified foods［J］. Food Science, 2015, 36(9): 254-263.
LIU B Q, WEI T. An overview of genetically modified food safety issues and management mode ［J］. Modern Food, 2019, (21): 154-156.
LAN Q K, LI W L, SUN Z J, et al. Current status and revelation of domestic and international GM testing standard system［J］. Agricultural Science and Technology Management, 2020, 39(3): 27-32.
［15］
CANTRILL R C. International development of methods of analysis for the presence of products of modern biotechnology［J］. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2008, 17(1): 233-239.
［20］
MCFADDEN B R, LUSK J L, POLLACK A, et al. A randomized group approach to identifying label effects［J］. Journal of Choice Modelling, 2023, 48.
YANG D Y, YANG Y C, LI H. Overview of the current status of data analysis and uncertainty assessment for quantitative testing of genetically modified ingredients［J］. Journal of Food Safety and Quality Testing, 2016, 7(8): 3025-3033.
WANG D, WANG Z D, WU X, et al. Development of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA standards［J］. Acta Metrologica Sinica, 2021, 42(2): 259-264.
FAN H B, CAI Y H, LI Y Y, et al. Application of digital PCR in the development of food testing standards［J］. Acta Metrologica Sinica, 2023, 44(3): 472-478.
［28］
QUAN P L, SAUZADE M, BROUZES E. dPCR: A Technology Review［J］. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2018, 18(4): 1271.
［31］
XU W T, HUANG K L, DENG A K, et al. Variations of tissue DNA density and nuclear DNA content in soybean lines and their impacts on the GMO quantification［J］. Food Control, 2007, 18(10): 1300-1306.
VAN H F, KARCZMARCZYK M, SCHIMMEL H, et al. Influence of primer & probe chemistry and amplification target on reverse transcription digital PCR quantification of viral RNA［J］. Biomol Detect Quantif. 2016, 9: 20-28.
XIAO Z, KERR W A. Biotechnology in China—regulation, investment, and delayed commercialization［J］. GM Crops Food, 2022, 13(1): 86-96.
［9］
LIANG J, YANG X, JIAO Y, et al. The evolution of Chinas regulation of agricultural biotechnology［J］. aBIOTECH, 2022, 3(4): 237-249.
［16］
CASTELLARI E, SOREGAROLI C, VENUS J T, et al. Food processor and retailer non-GMO standards in the US and EU and the driving role of regulations［J］. Food Policy, 2018, 78: 26-37.
［24］
VOGELSTEIN B, KINZLER K W. Digital PCR［J］. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1999, 96(16): 9236-9241.
［32］
COSTEA P I, ZELLER G, SUNAGAWA S, et al. Towards standards for human fecal sample processing in metagenomic studies［J］. Nat Biotechnol, 2017, 35(11): 1069-1076.
［37］
DOBNIK D, DEMAR T, HUBER I, et al. Inter-laboratory analysis of selected genetically modified plant reference materials with digital PCR［J］. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2018, 410(1): 211-221.
FOTI N, PRICE S, MAZZARA M. Event-specific method for the quantitation of maize line MON 863 using real-time PCR: JRC 21830［R］. EU, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (Joint Research Centre), 2006.
HUANG Y H, FAN D F, JIAO Y, et al. Implications of the labeling system of genetically modified products in many countries for China［J］. Biotechnology Progress, 2022, 12(4): 516-522.
［19］
MOGHISSI A A, JAEGER L M, SHAFEI D, et al. Regulatory science requirements of labeling of genetically modified food［J］. Crit Rev Biotechnol, 2018, 38(3): 386-393.
［22］
FRAITURE M A, HERMAN P, TAVERNIERS I, et al. Current and new approaches in GMO detection: challenges and solutions［J］. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 2015: 392872.
TRAVIS R, BENJAMIN R, ISABELLE C, et al. Ethical aspects of GMO regulation in the EU: Regulating new plant breeding techniques as GM has negative effects on sustainability, diversity and inclusion: Regulating new plant breeding techniques as GM has negative effects on sustainability, diversity and inclusion［J］. EMBO reports, 2022, 23(9): 1-5.
［12］
TRAPMANN S, CORBISIER P, SCHIMMEL H, et al. Towards future reference systems for GM analysis［J］. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2010, 396(6): 1969-1975.
［17］
HAKIM M P, ZANETTA L D, DE OLIVEIRA J M, et al. The mandatory labeling of genetically modified foods in Brazil: Consumers knowledge, trust, and risk perception［J］. Food Res Int. 2020, 132: 109053.
［27］
BURNS M J, BURRELL A M, FOY C A. The applicability of digital PCR for the assessment of detection limits in GMO analysis［J］. European Food Research and Technology, 2010, 231(3): 353-362.
［33］
DEMEKE T, MALABANAN J, HOLIGROSKI M, et al. Effect of Source of DNA on the Quantitative Analysis of Genetically Engineered Traits Using Digital PCR and Real-Time PCR［J］. J AOAC Int. 2017, 100(2): 492-498.
WANG H Q, LI X Y, ZHANG L, et al. Progress on the consistency of standardized substances for the detection of genetically modified products［J］. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2020, 36(5): 2-8.
［36］
JACCHIA S, KAGKLI D M, LIEVENS A, et al. Identification of single target taxon-specific reference assays for the most commonly genetically transformed crops using digital droplet PCR［J］. Food Control, 2018, 93: 191-200.
［38］
PAVICˇ J, DEVONSHIRE A, BLEJEC A, et al. Inter-laboratory assessment of different digital PCR platforms for quantification of human cytomegalovirus DNA［J］. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2017, 409(10): 2601-2614.
LIN Y, YANG W L, ZHOU L Y, et al. Progress of agricultural transgenic nucleic acid standards［J］. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(8): 52-61.
［45］
SAVINI C, BOGNI A, MAZZARA M. Event-specific method for the quantification of oilseed rape MON88302 by real-time PCR: EUR 26388 ［R］. Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (Joint Research Centre), 2013.
2024, Vol. 45 
