|
|
Determination of the Reflection Loss in the Measurement of UV Output of UV-LED by KI/KIO3 Chemical Actinometer |
ZHANG Lian-feng1,ZHOU Yu1,2,CHANG Bao-yan3,XION Dong4,YAN Jian-chang5,SHENG Cong-min6,WANG Chun-yong2 |
1. Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
2. School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China
3. Wuxi Huazhaohong Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214112, China
4. Shenzhen Jinghong Lighting Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
5. Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
6. Advanced Ultraviolet Optoelectronics Co., Ltd,Changzhi,Shanxi 046000, China |
|
|
Abstract When measuring the UV output with KI/KIO3, due to the reflection of the liquid surface, part of the photons of the incident light do not enter the liquid, resulting in measurement errors. According to the Fresnel equation, the amount of reflection is closely related to the angle of incidence, and the radiation angle of each beam of light emitted by the UV LED and the angle of incidence into the solution are different.To quantify total reflection amount caused by such complicated emission angles and incident angles, the vortex of the solution of chemical actinometer was photographed, and the mathematical analysis was carried out to establish the method for accurately calculating the reflection loss. The calculated reflection coefficient can compensate the reflection loss to get accurate measurement results. The calculation also can reversely guide the measurement process to control the operating condition to keep smaller reflection. Based on photographed vortexes formed by rotating the liquid, the reflection coefficient can be controlled stably at about 0.025. The stableness of the reflection coefficient indicates that the error due to reflections can be avoided.
|
Received: 27 April 2022
Published: 17 July 2023
|
|
|
|
|
[14] |
陈钰, 张连峰, 刘淑杰, 等. 低压单波长紫外灯在水下时紫外线输出量的测量[J]. 中国给水排水, 2018, 34(21): 47-52.
|
[6] |
Rabani J, Mamane H, Pousty D, et al. Practical Chemical Actinometry—A Review [J]. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2021, 97: 873-902.
|
[1] |
Masschelein W J, Rice R G. Ultraviolet Light in Water and Wastewater Sanitation[M]. Boca Raton: Crc Press, 2002: 60.
|
[2] |
Bolton J R, Stefan M I, Shaw P S, et al. Determination of the quantum yields of the potassium ferrioxalate and potassium iodide-iodate actinometers and a method for the calibration of radiometer detectors [J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-Chemistry, 2011, 222: 166-169.
|
[4] |
Reinfelds M, Hermanns V, Halbritter T, et al. A robustly absorbing fulgide derivative as a universal chemical actinometer for the UV to NIR region[J]. Chemphotochem, 2019, 3(6): 441-449.
|
[8] |
Zhang L F, Song Y Y, Zhang J S, et al. Mathematical modeling and application of aperture type of collimated beam apparatus for fluence measurement and radiometer calibration [J]. Journal of environmental engineering, 2020, 146(12): 04020129.
|
[9] |
Bolton J R, Linden K G. Standardization of methods for fluence (UV dose) determination in bench-scale UV experiments[J]. Journal of environmental engineering, 2003, 129(3): 209-215.
|
[12] |
Rahn R O, Bolton J, Stefan M. The iodide/iodate actinometer in UV disinfection: determination of the fluence rate distribution in UV reactors[J]. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2006, 82(2): 611-615.
|
[17] |
Zhang L, Anderson W A. A finite model for the prediction of the UV radiation field around a linear lamp[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2010, 65(5): 1513-1521.
|
[3] |
Kuhn H K, Braslavsky S E, Schmidt A R. Chemical actinometry[J]. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2004, 76(12): 2105-2146.
|
[5] |
Asenath-Smith E, Ambrogi E K, Moores L C, et al. Leveraging chemical actinometry and optical radiometry to reduce uncertainty in photochemical research[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A- Chemistry, 2019, 372: 279-287.
|
[7] |
Qiang Z M, Li W T, Li M K, et al. Inspection of Feasible Calibration Conditions for UV Radiometer Detectors with the KI/KIO3 Actinometer[J]. Photochemistry & Photobiology, 2015, 91(1): 68-73.
|
[10] |
Rahn R O, Stefan M I, Bolton J R, et al. Quantum yield of the iodide-iodate chemical actinometer: dependence on wavelength and concentration[J]. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2003, 78(2): 146-152.
|
[13] |
Rahn R O, Echols S. Iodide/Iodate chemical actinometry using spherical vessels for radiation exposure as well as for monitoring absorbance changes[J]. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2010, 86(4): 990-993.
|
|
Chen Y, Zhang L F, Liu S J, et al. Measurement of UV output of monochromatic (254 nm) low pressure UV lamp in water[J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2018, 34(21), 47-52.
|
|
Zhang L F,Zhou Y,Chang B Y, et al. A technique for direct measurement of UV output of UV-LED with KI / KIO3chemical actinometer[J]. Acta Metrological Sinica, 2023, 44(6): 865-870.
|
[18] |
Kheyrandish A, Mohseni M, Taghipour F. Protocol for determining ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) fluence for microbial inactivation studies[J]. Environmental science & Technology, 2018, 52(a): 7390-7398.
|
[11] |
Rahn R O. Fluence measurements employing iodide/iodate chemical actinometry as applied to upper-room germicidal radiation[J]. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2013, 89(4): 816-818.
|
[15] |
张连峰,周钰,常保延,等. 用KI/KIO3化学曝光剂直接测量UV-LED紫外线输出量的方法[J]. 计量学报,2023,44(6): 865-870.
|
[16] |
Sasges M R, van der Pol A, Voronov A, et al. Standard method for quantifying the output of UV lamps[C]//IUVA. International congress on ozone and ultraviolet technologies. Los Angeles, 2007.
|
[19] |
Kheyrandish A, Taghipour F, Mohseni M. UV-LED radiation modeling and its application in UV dose determination for water treatment[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2018, 352(b): 113-121.
|
|
|
|