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| Review Determination of the Elementary Charge e |
| LIU Min,PENG Ming |
| Beijing Orient Institute of Metrology and Test, Beijing 100086, China |
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Abstract The history of measuring electric charge and electromagnetic unit system was reviewed, and the signification that the elementary charge become member of International System of Unit was interpreted. The Coulombs law and Amperes law were two bridges to link mechanics and electromagnetism. Along with these two formulae, the electrostatic and the electromagnetic absolute unit systems were respectively grown up. The comer of the practical unit systems brought electromagnetism to have its own individual unit system, and chose current as basic quantity and fixed vacuum permeability, aimed at electromagnetic power to be equivalent mechanic power. The Millikans oil-drop is the only experiment to measure elementary charge value. Because of the low accuracy, the metrological standard system of electric charge have not been appeared. To define the value of elementary charge did not depend on the two constants of Josephsons KJ and von Klitzings RK, but came from the formula of fine structure constant, after the value of Planck constant was fixed. The role of vacuum permeability changed thoroughly after the elementary charge fixed, it had become a balance between two unit systems of electromagnetism and mechanics in the Amperes law.
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