Abstract：Primary standard densitometer for visual diffuse transmission density, characterized by hemispherical emitter with optic fiber（HEWOF）is established. Characterization measurements have showed that the geometric and spectral conditions of this densitometer meet the specifications of ISO 5. Its combined uncertainties are 0.0015(0<D<4.5) and 0.0054(5.0≤D< 6.0).Taking the advantage of that the composite diffuser can be combined respectively with light source and detection system ,the validity of Helmholtz reciprocity for transmittance measurement is examined .
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2011, Vol. 32 
