Abstract：Current sensing measurements play a crucial role in the fields of metering, protection, and control within power systems. With the introduction and increasing level of intelligence and digitization in China's new power system construction plan, there is a growing demand for current sensors with wide bandwidth, high dynamics, and miniaturization. Compared to traditional electromagnetic transformers, the advanced current measurement technologies based on the Faraday effect, magnetostriction, magnetofluids, and thermal effects offer unique advantages in terms of wide amplitude range, wide bandwidth, and electromagnetic immunity. On the other hand, the deployment, accuracy requirements, and reliable operation of sensors face significant challenges in meeting the future scenario demands of the new power systems. This paper introduces current sensing technologies based on the Faraday effect, Thermo-optical effect, magnetofluids, and magnetostriction, from the perspective of current measurement mechanisms. Building upon this foundation, it highlights the challenges in sensing methods, frequency characteristics, environmental adaptability, and DC measurement, emphasizing the need for new sensing materials and topological structures to improve its measurement performance. Furthermore, this paper proposes the development trends suggestions for optical fiber current measurement standards, provides technical guidance for the wide application of fiber optic current sensor with high accuracy and good adaptability in the construction of new power system.
2025, Vol. 46 
