标准渐开线的单圆弧最佳拟合方法

王家平, 林虎, 石照耀, 杨国梁

计量学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9) : 1371-1376.

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计量学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9) : 1371-1376. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2025.09.18
几何量计量

标准渐开线的单圆弧最佳拟合方法

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The Optimal Fitting Method of Standard Involute Using Single Arc

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摘要

为提高标准渐开线齿廓的拟合精度,提出一种基于最小二乘法的单圆弧最佳拟合方法。以标准渐开线二维方程为基础,推导出以拟合圆正交距离和渐开线正交距离2种表征拟合偏差的表达式,并提出无约束平方和最小准则与波峰波谷近似相等平方和最小准则2种判定方法。实验中将3点快速拟合法、无约束平方和最小拟合法及波峰波谷近似相等平方和最小拟合法进行对比发现:3点快速拟合法峰峰值23.0 µm,拟合精度较低;无约束平方和最小准则拟合法峰峰值为19.9 µm,拟合精度有所提升;波峰波谷近似相等平方和最小准则拟合法最优,峰峰值18.3 µm,且正负偏差分布最为均衡,适用于高精度且需控制偏差一致性的场景。

Abstract

To improve the fitting accuracy of the standard involute profile, a best-fit method based on the least squares approach using a single circular arc is proposed. Based on the two-dimensional equation of the standard involute, expressions for fitting deviation characterized by the orthogonal distance to the fitting arc and the orthogonal distance to the involute are derived. Two evaluation criteria are introduced: the unconstrained least squares criterion and the approximately equal peak-valley squared error minimization criterion. In experiments, the three-point rapid fitting method, the unconstrained least squares fitting method, and the approximately equal peak-valley least squares fitting method are compared. The results show that the three-point rapid fitting method has the lowest fitting accuracy with a peak-to-peak value of 23.0 µm. The unconstrained least squares method improves the accuracy with a peak-to-peak value of 19.9 µm. The approximately equal peak-valley least squares method yields the best performance with a peak-to-peak value of 18.3 µm and the most balanced distribution of positive and negative deviations. This method is suitable for high-precision applications requiring consistent deviation control.

关键词

几何量计量 / 渐开线齿廓 / 圆弧拟合 / 最小二乘法 / 约束条件 / 拟合偏差

Key words

geometric measurement / involute profile / arc fitting / least squares method / constraint conditions / fitting deviation

引用本文

导出引用
王家平, 林虎, 石照耀, . 标准渐开线的单圆弧最佳拟合方法[J]. 计量学报. 2025, 46(9): 1371-1376 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2025.09.18
WANG Jiaping, LIN Hu, SHI Zhaoyao, et al. The Optimal Fitting Method of Standard Involute Using Single Arc[J]. Acta Metrologica Sinica. 2025, 46(9): 1371-1376 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2025.09.18
中图分类号: TB92   

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国家自然科学基金(52227809)

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