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下落式冷原子微波钟磁屏蔽系统设计
刘娟, 郑发松, 刘昆, 陈伟亮, 慈骋, 薛振宇, 戴少阳, 左娅妮, 房芳
计量学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5) : 738-747.
PDF(2651 KB)
PDF(2651 KB)
下落式冷原子微波钟磁屏蔽系统设计
Design of Magnetic Shielding System for Falling Cold⁃atom Microwave Clocks
为降低环境磁场扰动对钟输出频率稳定度和准确度的影响程度,设计并研制了一套用于小型下落式冷原子微波钟的磁屏蔽系统。该磁屏蔽系统采用了3层坡莫合金屏蔽层,磁光阱(MOT)和探测腔置于最外层与中层磁屏蔽之间,Ramsey腔置于内层磁屏蔽中。基于有限元方法,对该系统进行三维建模,并对其主要结构参数进行了仿真分析,得到了最优参数。在中层和内层轴向孔处设置延伸管来减小环境磁场对Ramsey腔区域的扰动,在最外层与中层磁屏蔽之间设置隔离层来减小探测腔区域由离子泵带来的强磁场对MOT区域的扰动。仿真结果表明:优化设计的磁屏蔽系统中心轴向屏蔽效能可达到114.2 dB;MOT腔置于50 mm区域内,其剩磁波动为4.8 nT;Ramsey腔置于120 mm区域内,其剩磁波动约为1.5 nT。根据最优仿真参数研制了磁屏蔽系统实物,并在下落式冷原子微波钟中进行了应用。
In order to reduce the influence of environmental magnetic field disturbance on the frequency stability and accuracy of clocks, a magnetic shielding system for the falling cold-atom microwave clocks is designed. It adopts a three-layer permalloy magnetic shielding layer. The magneto-optical trap (MOT) and the detection zone are placed between the outermost and middle magnetic shields, and the Ramsey cavity is placed in the inner magnetic shield. Based on the finite element method, the three-dimensional model of the magnetic shielding system is constructed, and the main parameters in the system are simulated and analyzed, and the optimal parameters are obtained. The disturbance of the ambient magnetic field to the Ramsey cavity zone is reduced by setting an extension tube at the opening of the middle layer and the inner magnetic shield, and an isolation layer is set between the outermost layer and the middle magnetic shield to reduce the disturbance of the strong magnetic field brought by the ion pump to the MOT zone. The simulation results show that, the central axial shielding efficiency of the optimized magnetic shielding system reaches to 114.2 dB. The MOT cavity is placed within the 50 mm region, and its magnetic field fluctuation is about 4.8 nT. The Ramsey cavity is placed within the 120 mm region, and its residual magnetic field fluctuation is about 1.5 nT. According to the optimal simulation parameters, the magnetic shielding system is developed and applied in the falling cold-atom microwave clock.
time and frequency metrology / cold-atom microwave clocks / magnetic shielding / finite elements
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