为了重建高压涡轮导向叶片气膜孔的三维形貌特征,基于机器视觉原理,设计并搭建了非接触式的气膜孔四轴视觉测量系统。该系统主要由三坐标测量机框架、高精度回转台、叶片专用夹具和图像采集装置构成,将视觉测量技术和三坐标测量技术结合起来以应对气膜孔的检测问题。为了获取气膜孔的三维形貌数据,提出了应用景深合成技术进行孔壁三维形貌重建的方法,并通过实验进行了重建方法的验证。在实验过程中,应用该测量系统对某个高压涡轮导向叶片上的气膜孔特征进行了测量实验,获取了孔深范围内的对焦图像序列,而后对其进行了景深合成与深度信息转化,最终实现了该气膜孔的孔壁形貌的三维重建与显示,并实现了向三维点云数据的转化,充分说明了所搭建的气膜孔视觉测量系统的有效性。
Abstract
In order to reconstruct the 3D shape characters of the film cooling holes of the high-pressure turbine blade, a non-contact machine vision measuring system with four motion axes is designed and then established. Composed of the frame of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM), a high precision turntable, special fixture of blades and image acquisition device etc, the system could combine the advanced vision detection and traditional coordinate measurement together to cope with the inspecting difficulties of the film cooling holes. To derive the 3D shape data of the film cooling holes, the method of depth from focus (DFF) is applied to realize the 3D reconstruction of the shape of the hole wall, which is verified by the follow-up experiment. In the experimental procedure, a film cooling hole of a high-pressure turbine blade is selected and inspected by the machine vision measuring system. With the focus image stack derived within the depth of the film cooling hole, the 3D shape characteristics of the hole is reconstructed by the method of DFF and then converted to the depth information, which could be employed to display the morphology of the hole wall and converted to the 3D data cloud. Therefore, the experimental results show the effectiveness of the vision measuring system for film cooling holes established.
关键词
计量学 /
气膜孔 /
三维形貌 /
视觉测量 /
航空发动机 /
非接触
Key words
metrology /
film cooling hole /
3D shape /
vision measurement /
aero engine /
non-contact
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基金
国家科技重大专项(2018ZX04004001)
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